Nchịkọta Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Nchịkọta Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bụ ule iji lelee mmiri nke gbara ụbụrụ na ụbụrụ gburugburu.
CSF na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mkpuchi, na-echebe ụbụrụ na ọkpụkpụ azụ site na mmerụ ahụ. Mmiri ahụ na-ahụkarị. O nwere otu odi ka mmiri. A na-ejikwa ule ahụ tụọ nrụgide na mmiri ọgwụ.
E nwere ụzọ dị iche iche iji nweta nlele nke CSF. Lumbar mgbapu (spinal tap) bụ ụzọ kachasịsịsị.
Iji nwee ule:
- You ga-edina n’akụkụ gị, gbuo ikpere gị n’ala n’ebe obi ahụ dị, gbamgbam ya gbadata ya. Mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eme ule ahụ ịnọdụ ala, mana na-ehulata n'ihu.
- Mgbe emechara azụ, onye nlekọta ahụike ga-agbanye ọgwụ na-agwụ ike (anestetiiki) n'ime ọkpụkpụ azụ.
- A ga-etinye agịga spain.
- A na-ewere nrụgide mmeghe mgbe ụfọdụ. Mmetụta na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịkọwa ọrịa ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọzọ.
- Ozugbo agịga ahụ dị, a tụrụ nrụgide CSF na nchikọta nke 1 ruo 10 milliliters (mL) nke CSF na-anakọta na vial 4.
- A na-ewepụ agịga ahụ, hichaa ebe ahụ, ma tinye bandeeji n'elu ebe agịga ahụ. Enwere ike ịgwa gị ka ị dinara ala obere oge elele ule ahụ.
N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eji ụzarị ọkụ pụrụ iche iji nyere aka duzie agịga ahụ n'ọnọdụ ya. Nke a ka akpọrọ fluoroscopy.
Mgbapu Lumbar na mkpokọta mmiri nwekwara ike ịbụ akụkụ nke usoro ndị ọzọ dịka x-ray ma ọ bụ CT scan mgbe etinyere agba n'ime CSF.
Obere oge, ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke nchịkọta CSF nwere ike iji.
- Mgbapu olulu na-eji agịga edobere n'okpuru ọkpụkpụ occipital (azụ okpokoro isi). Ọ nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ n'ihi na ọ dị nso na ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. A na-eme ya mgbe niile na fluoroscopy.
- Enwere ike ịkwado mgbapu ikuku na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ụbụrụ. Nke a bụ usoro adịkarịghị eji. A na-emekarị ya n'ime ime ụlọ ọrụ. A gbapuo olulu n’okpokoro isi, a na-etinyekwa agịga ozugbo n’ime otu n’ime oghere ụbụrụ nke ụbụrụ.
Enwere ike ịnakọta CSF site na ọkpọkọ nke etinyegoro n'ime mmiri ahụ, dị ka shunt ma ọ bụ ventricular drain.
Ikwesiri inye ndị otu nlekọta ahụike nkwenye gị tupu ule ahụ. Gwa onye na-enye gị ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ n’ịnwe ọgwụ aspirin ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na-egbu ọbara.
Mgbe usoro ahụ gasịrị, ị kwesịrị ịhazi izu ike ruo ọtụtụ awa, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị gị mma. Nke a bụ iji gbochie mmiri mmiri ịwagharị na saịtị saịtị nke ọkpọ. Kwesighi ịgha ụgha n'azụ gị n'oge niile. Ọ bụrụ n ’ịmalite isi ọwụwa, ọ ga - enye aka ị drinkụ ihe ọ cafụ cafụ ndị nwere caffeinated dị ka kọfị, tii ma ọ bụ soda.
Ọ nwere ike iru ala ịnọdụ n'ọnọdụ ule ahụ. Nọgide dị mkpa n'ihi na imegharị nwere ike ibute mmerụ nke ọgidigi azụ.
Enwere ike ịgwa gị ka ị kwụzie ọnọdụ gị ntakịrị mgbe agịga ahụ dị. Nke a bụ iji nyere aka tụọ nrụgide CSF.
Anesteti ogwu gha agba ma o bu gbaa oku mgbe mbu. A ga-enwe mmetụ nrụgide siri ike mgbe etinyere agịga ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, enwere obere ihe mgbu mgbe agịga ahụ na-agafere anụ ahụ gbara ọgidigi azụ gburugburu. Mgbu a kwesịrị ịkwụsị na obere sekọnd.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, usoro a na-ewe ihe dị ka nkeji iri atọ. Mmetụta nrụgide na nchịkọta CSF na-ewe nkeji ole na ole.
A na-eme ule a iji tụọ nrụgide n'ime CSF na ịnakọta ihe ọmụmụ nke mmiri maka nyocha ọzọ.
Enwere ike iji nyocha CSF chọpụta ụfọdụ ọrịa na-adịghị mma. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ọrịa (dị ka meningitis) na ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọgidigi azụ. Enwere ike ịmalite ịkpụ azụ iji gosipụta nchoputa nke nrụgide hydrocephalus nkịtị.
Valueskpụrụ nkịtị na-adịkarị:
- Nrụgide: 70 ka 180 mm H2O
- Ọdịdị: doo anya, enweghị agba
- CSF ngụkọta protein: 15 ka 60 mg / 100 mL
- Gamma globulin: 3% na 12% nke protein niile
- CSF glucose: 50 ka 80 mg / 100 mL (ma ọ bụ karịa ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọkwa ọbara shuga)
- CSF sel agụọ: 0 rue sel ọbara ọcha 5 (ihe niile mononuclear), enweghị sel ọbara uhie
- Chloride: 110 ka 125 mEq / L.
Usoro ntanetị dị iche iche nwere ike ịdịtụ iche n'etiti ụlọ nyocha dị iche iche. Gwa onye na - enye gị ọrụ gbasara ihe nyocha gị pụtara.
Ihe atụ ndị dị n'elu na-egosi nha nkịtị maka nsonaazụ maka ule ndị a. Fọdụ ụlọ nyocha na-eji nha dị iche iche ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịnwale ụdị dị iche iche.
Ọ bụrụ na CSF dị ka igwe ojii, ọ nwere ike ịpụta na enwere ọrịa ma ọ bụ wulite mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha ma ọ bụ protein.
Ọ bụrụ na CSF yiri ọbara ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbara ọgbụgba ma ọ bụ igbochi ọgidigi azụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ aja aja, oroma, ma ọ bụ odo, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ụba CSF ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba gara aga (karịa 3 ụbọchị gara aga). Enwere ike ịnwe ọbara na nlele nke sitere na ọkpọkpụ azụ n'onwe ya. Nke a na - eme ka o sie ike ịkọwa nsonaazụ ule.
CSF Nrụgide
- Nrụgide CSF na-arịwanye elu nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi nrụgide intracranial na-abawanye (nrụgide n'ime okpokoro isi).
- Mbelata nke CSF nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ngọngọ azụ, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, nkụda mmụọ, ma ọ bụ nsị CSF.
CSF PROTEIN
- Proteinba ụba protein CSF nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọbara na CSF, ọrịa shuga, polyneuritis, akpụ, mmerụ ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ọ bụla na-efe efe ma ọ bụ ọrịa.
- Mbelata protein bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mmepụta CSF ngwa ngwa.
CSF rụpụta
- Mbara glucose CSF bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbara shuga dị elu.
- Mbelata nke glucose CSF nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi hypoglycemia (ọbara shuga dị ala), nje ma ọ bụ ọrịa fungal (dị ka meningitis), ụkwara nta, ma ọ bụ ụdị ụfọdụ nke meningitis.
Ọbara ọbara na CSF
- Mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha na-abawanye na CSF nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke meningitis, ọrịa na-efe efe, mmalite nke ọrịa ogologo oge (ọrịa), akpụ, etuto, ma ọ bụ ọrịa demyelinating (dị ka ọtụtụ sclerosis).
- Mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọbara na ihe atụ CSF nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime mmiri ọgwụ ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ nke ọnya ọnya ọgbụgba.
Ihe ndị ọzọ CSF
- CSbawanye ọkwa CSF gamma globulin nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọrịa dịka ọrịa sclerosis, neurosyphilis, ma ọ bụ ọrịa Guillain-Barré.
Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ enwere ike ịme ule ahụ:
- Oge na-adịghị ala ala polyneuropathy
- Mgbaka n'ihi ihe ndị na-akpata metabolic
- Encephalitis
- Akwụkwụ na-adọ
- Ọrịa ọdịdọ (ụmụaka)
- Ọdịdị tonic-clonic zuru ezu
- Hydrocephalus
- Anthrax na-ekpo ume
- Nkịtị mgbali hydrocephalus (NPH)
- Ọrịa Pituitary
- Ọrịa Reye
Ihe egwu nke lumbar mgbapu gunyere:
- Ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime ọwa mmiri ma ọ bụ gburugburu ụbụrụ (hematomas subdural).
- Ahụ erughị ala n'oge ule ahụ.
- Isi ọwụwa mgbe ule ahụ gachara nwere ike ịdịru awa ole na ole ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ole na ole. Ọ nwere ike inye aka ị drinkụ ihe ọ cafụ cafụ caffeinated dị ka kọfị, tii ma ọ bụ soda iji nyere aka belata isi ọwụwa. Ọ bụrụ na isi ọwụwa adịru karịa ụbọchị ole na ole (ọkachasị mgbe ị na-anọdụ ala, na-eguzo ma ọ bụ na-eje ije) ị nwere ike ịnwe ụcha CSF. Kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ dọkịta gị ma ọ bụrụ na nke a emee.
- Mmeghachi omume nke uche n'ahụ (nfụkasị) na ọgwụ na-akụnwụ ahụ.
- Ofufe oria ẹkenam site na agịga na-aga site na akpụkpọ.
Nkọwa nke ụbụrụ nwere ike ịdapụta ma ọ bụrụ na emere nnwale a n'ahụ mmadụ nwere oke na ụbụrụ (dị ka akpụ ma ọ bụ etuto). Nke a nwere ike ibute ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Emere ule a ma ọ bụrụ na ule ma ọ bụ ule na-ekpughe ihe ịrịba ama nke oke ụbụrụ.
Mmebi nke irighiri akwara na eriri afọ nwere ike ime, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na onye ahụ agagharị n’oge ule ahụ.
Mgbapu olulu ma ọ bụ mgbapu ikuku nwere ihe egwu ọzọ nke ụbụrụ ma ọ bụ ọnya ọnya na ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime ụbụrụ.
Ule a di ize ndu karie ndi mmadu nwere:
- Ọrịa dị n'azụ ụbụrụ nke na-akụda ụbụrụ ụbụrụ
- Nsogbu ọgbụgba ọbara
- Obere platelet (thrombocytopenia)
- Ndị mmadụ n’ị takingụ ọgwụ, ọgwụ aspirin, clopidogrel, ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ yiri ya iji belata mkpụkọ nke ọbara.
Mkpụkpu azụ; Ventricular mgbapu; Mgbapu Lumbar; Ọphu mkpọdu; Omenala mmiri nke Cerebrospinal
- Ọkara CSF
- Lumbar vertebrae
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Rosenberg GA. Brain edema na nsogbu nke cerebrospinal ọmụmụ mgbasa. Na: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Ọkpụkpụ Bradley na Clinical Practice. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi 88.