Nnwale mkpụrụ ndụ Karyotype

Ndinaya

• Kedu ihe bụ ule karyotype?
• Kedu ihe eji ya?
• Kedu ihe kpatara m ji chọọ nyocha karyotype?
• Kedu ihe na - eme n'oge ule karyotype?
• Ọ dị m mkpa ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwadebe maka ule ahụ?
• Onwere ihe egwu di n’ule a?
• Kedu ihe nsonaazụ ahụ pụtara?
• Onwere ihe ozo ichoro ima n ’ule karyotype?
• Ntughari

Kedu ihe bụ ule karyotype?

Nnwale karyotype na-ele nha, ọdịdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kromosome gị. Chromosomes bụ akụkụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ gị nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gị. Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ akụkụ nke DNA sitere n’aka nne gị na nna gị. Ha na-ebu ozi na-ekpebi àgwà gị pụrụ iche, dịka ịdị elu na agba anya.

Ndị mmadụ na - ejikarị kromosome iri anọ na isii, kee ụzọ iri abụọ na atọ, na sel ọ bụla. Otu n’ime chromosome ọ bụla sitere na nne gị, nke ọzọ abụrụ site na nna gị.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere chromosome karịrị ma ọ bụ pere mpe karịa 46, maọbụ ọ bụrụ na enwere ihe ọ bụla dị iche banyere etu ma ọ bụ ọdịdị nke kromosome gị, ọ nwere ike ịpụta na ị nwere ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. A na-ejikarị ule karyotype enyere aka ịchọta nkwarụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nwa na-etolite.

Aha ndị ọzọ: mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, ule chromosome, ọmụmụ chromosome, nyocha cytogenetic

Kedu ihe eji ya?

Enwere ike iji ule karyotype mee ihe:

• Lelee nwa e bu n’afọ maka ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
• Nyochaa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na nwa ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ obere nwa
• Chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ nkwarụ chromosomal na - egbochi nwanyị ịtụrụ ime ma ọ bụ na - ebute ime ọpụpụ
• Lelee nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ (nwa nwụrụ n'oge ime ma ọ bụ n'oge ọmụmụ) iji hụ ma nkwarụ chromosomal bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ
• Hụ ma ị nwere ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke a pụrụ ibunye ụmụ gị
• Nyocha ma ọ bụ mee atụmatụ ọgwụgwọ maka ụdị ọrịa kansa na ọrịa ọbara

Kedu ihe kpatara m ji chọọ nyocha karyotype?

Ọ bụrụ na ị dị ime, ị nwere ike chọọ ịnwa ule karyotype maka nwa ị na-amụbeghị amụ ma ọ bụrụ na ịnwere ụfọdụ ihe egwu. Ndị a gụnyere:

• Afọ gị. Ihe ize ndụ zuru oke nke nsogbu nkwarụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị obere, mana ihe ize ndụ dị elu karịa ụmụ nwanyị nwere ụmụ n'afọ 35 ma ọ bụ karịa.
• Akụkọ banyere ezinụlọ. Ihe ize ndụ gị na-abawanye ma ọ bụrụ na gị, onye òtù ọlụlụ gị, na / ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ n'ime ụmụ gị nwere nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Nwa gị ma ọ bụ obere nwa gị nwere ike ịnwale ule ma ọ bụrụ na o nwere ihe ịrịba ama nke ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke ọ bụla nwere mgbaàmà dị iche iche. Gị na onye nlekọta ahụike gị nwere ike ikwu maka ma akwadoro ule.

Ọ bụrụ na ị bụ nwanyị, ịnwere ike ịchọ karyotype ule ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwee nsogbu ịtụrụ ime ma ọ bụ nwee ọpụpụ ọtụtụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ime ọpụpụ abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị, ọ bụrụ na ị nweela ọtụtụ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi nsogbu chromosomal.

May nwekwara ike ịchọ nnwale karyotype ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà nke ma ọ bụ na-arịa ọrịa leukemia, lymphoma, ma ọ bụ myeloma, ma ọ bụ otu ụdị anaemia. Nsogbu ndị a nwere ike ibute mgbanwe chromosomal. Chọta mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike inyere onye na-eweta gị aka ịchọpụta, nyochaa, na / ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọrịa ahụ.

Kedu ihe na - eme n'oge ule karyotype?

Maka ule karyotype, onye na - eweta gị ga - ewe ihe nlele nke sel gị. Zọ ndị a na-ahụkarị iji nweta nlele gụnyere:

• Nnwale ọbara. Maka ule a, onye ọkachamara ahụike ga-ewere ihe nyocha ọbara site na akwara aka gị, na-eji obere agịga. Mgbe etinyere agịga ahụ, a ga-achịkọta obere ọbara n'ime ule nyocha ma ọ bụ vial. Nwere ike na-eche ntakịrị ihe mgbe agịga na-abanye ma ọ bụ na-apụta. Nke a na-ewe ihe na-erughị nkeji ise.
• Nyocha nwa tupu nwa amniocentesis ma obu chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Chorionic villi bụ obere etolite a na-ahụ n’afọ.

Maka amniocentesis:

• Ga-edina na azụ na tebụl ule.
• Onye na-enye gị ọrụ ga-ebugharị ngwaọrụ ultrasound n’elu afọ gị. Ultrasound na-eji ebili mmiri iji chọpụta ọnọdụ nke akpanwa gị, placenta, na nwa gị.
• Onye na-enye gị ọrụ ga-etinye obere agịga dị gị n’afọ ma dọpụta obere mmiri mmiri mmiri ara.

Amniocentesis na-emekarị n’etiti izu 15 na 20 nke afọ ime.

Maka CVS:

• Ga-edina na azụ na tebụl ule.
• Onye na-enye gị ọrụ ga-ebugharị ngwaọrụ ultrasound n'elu afọ gị iji lelee ọnọdụ nke akpanwa gị, placenta, na nwa gị.
• Onye na-enye gị ga - anakọta sel si n’eriri nwanyị pụta otu n’ime ụzọ abụọ: ma ọ bụ site n ’akụkụ akpa nwa gị jiri obere tube a na - akpọ catheter, ma ọ bụ jiri obere agịga ga - esi n’akpa gị.

CVS a na-emekarị n'etiti izu 10 na 13 nke afọ ime.

Ọkpụkpụ Mkpụrụ Ọkụ na Biopsy. Ọ bụrụ na a na-anwale maka ma ọ bụ gwọọ maka ụdị ọrịa kansa ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọbara, onye na-eweta gị nwere ike were obere ụmị gị. Maka ule a:

• You ga-edina n’akụkụ gị ma ọ bụ afọ gị, dabere n’ọkpụkpụ a ga-eji nwalee. Imirikiti ule na-agbaji ọkpụkpụ na-ewepụ ọkpụkpụ úkwù.
• A ga-eji antiseptik kpochaa saịtị ahụ.
• Ga-enweta ogwu ogwu nke ọgwụ na-agwụ ike.
• Ozugbo mpaghara ahụ dara ụda, onye nlekọta ahụike ga-ewere ihe nlele ahụ.
• Maka ebumnuche ụmị ọkpụkpụ, nke a na-ebu ụzọ eme, onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ga-etinye agịga site na ọkpụkpụ wee wepụta mmiri ụmị ọkpụkpụ na sel. Nwere ike ịnwe ihe mgbu dị nkenke ma dị nkenke mgbe etinyere agịga ahụ.
• Maka biopsy biopsy, onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eji ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche nke na-agbagọ n'ime ọkpụkpụ iji wepụta ihe nlele nke anụ ahụ. May nwere ike ịnwe nrụgide na saịtị ahụ ka a na-ewere sample ahụ.

Ọ dị m mkpa ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwadebe maka ule ahụ?

Chọghị nkwadebe pụrụ iche maka ule karyotype.

Onwere ihe egwu di n’ule a?

O nwechaghị ihe egwu dị n’inyocha ọbara. May nwere ike ịnwe obere ihe mgbu ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ ebe etinyere agịga ahụ, mana ọtụtụ mgbaàmà na-apụ ngwa ngwa.

Nnyocha amniocentesis na CVS na-abụkarị usoro dị oke nchekwa, mana ha nwere obere ihe egwu nke ime ọpụpụ. Soro ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike gị gwaa ihe ọghọm na uru elele ndị a.

Mgbe a na-achọsi ọkpụkpụ ụmị ọkpụkpụ na ule biopsy, ị nwere ike ịnwe isi ike ma ọ bụ ọnya na ebe ogwu ahụ. Nke a na-apụkarị na ụbọchị ole na ole. Onye na-ahụ maka ahụike gị nwere ike ịkwado ma ọ bụ kwupụta ihe ngbu mgbu iji nyere aka.

Kedu ihe nsonaazụ ahụ pụtara?

Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ gị adịghị mma (ọ bụghị nkịtị,) ọ pụtara na gị ma ọ bụ nwa gị nwere ihe ma ọ bụ pekarịrị 46 chromosomes, ma ọ bụ na e nwere ihe na-adịghị mma gbasara nha, ọdịdị, ma ọ bụ nhazi nke otu ma ọ bụ karịa kromosome gị. Chromosomes na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ike ibute ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụ ike. Mgbaàmà na oke ike dabere na nke chromosomes emetụtala.

Disordersfọdụ nsogbu ndị sitere na nkwarụ chromosomal gụnyere:

• Ọrịa Down, nkwarụ nke na-akpata nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi na igbu oge mmepe
• Ọrịa Edwards, nkwarụ nke na-akpata oke nsogbu n'obi, ngụgụ, na akụrụ
• Ọrịa Turner, nsogbu na ụmụ agbọghọ na-emetụta mmepe nke njirimara nwanyị

Ọ bụrụ na anwalere gị n'ihi na ị nwere ụdị ọrịa kansa ma ọ bụ nsogbu ọbara, nsonaazụ gị nwere ike igosi ma ọnọdụ gị ọ bụ kpatara nkwarụ chromosomal. Nsonaazụ ndị a nwere ike inyere onye na-ahụ maka ahụike gị aka ịme atụmatụ kachasị mma maka gị.

Mụtakwuo maka ule nyocha ụlọ, akara ngosi, na nghọta nsonaazụ.

Onwere ihe ozo ichoro ima n ’ule karyotype?

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eche maka ịnwale ma ọ bụ nata nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma na ule karyotype gị, ọ nwere ike inyere gị aka ịgwa onye ndụmọdụ gbasara mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.Onye ndụmọdụ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ ọkachamara a zụrụ azụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ule mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ nwere ike ịkọwa ihe nsonaazụ gị pụtara, duzie gị na ọrụ nkwado, ma nyere gị aka ịme mkpebi ziri ezi gbasara ahụike gị ma ọ bụ ahụike nwa gị.

Ntughari

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Ejila ozi dị na saịtị a dị ka onye dochie anya nlekọta ahụike ọkachamara ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ. Kpọtụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ gbasara ahụike gị.