Nnukwu

Karyotyping bụ ule iji nyochaa chromosomes na mkpụrụ ndụ sel. Ule a nwere ike inyere aka ịchọpụta nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka ihe kpatara ọgba aghara ma ọ bụ ọrịa.

Enwere ike ime ule a n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ anụ ahụ ọ bụla, gụnyere:

• Mmiri mmiri
• Ọbara
• Ọkpụkpụ
• Akpụ anụ si arụ ọrụ nke na - amalite n'oge afọ ime iji zụọ nwa na - eto eto (placenta)

Iji nwaa mmiri ọmụmụ, a na-eme amniocentesis.

Ọkpụkpụ ụbụrụ biopsy dị mkpa iji were ihe atụ nke ụmị ọkpụkpụ.

A na-etinye ihe nlele ahụ n'ime efere ma ọ bụ ọkpọ pụrụ iche ma kwe ka o too na ụlọ nyocha. Sel na - emesị wepụta mkpụrụ ọhụrụ ọ tụrụ ma metọọ ya. Ọkachamara nyocha ụlọ nyocha na-eji onyokomita iji nyochaa nha, ọdịdị, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chromosomes dị na sel ahụ. A na-ese foto ntụpọ ahụ iji gosipụta nhazi nke chromosomes. A na-akpọ nke a karyotype.

Enwere ike ịmata nsogbu ụfọdụ site na ọnụọgụ ma ọ bụ nhazi nke chromosomes. Chromosomes nwere ọtụtụ puku mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke echekwara na DNA, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ isi.

Soro ntuziaka nke onye nlekọta ahụike banyere otu esi akwadebe maka ule ahụ.

Ule ule a ga-adi n’adabere na ma ihe nlere bu nke anara obara (venipuncture), amniocentesis, ma obu okpukpu obi biopsy.

Ule a nwere ike:

• Gụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke chromosomes
• Chọọ maka mgbanwe usoro na chromosomes

Enwere ike ime ule a:

• Na di na nwunye nwere nsogbu ime di na nwunye
• Inyocha nwatakịrị ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche ma ọ bụ igbu oge

Enwere ike ime ụmị ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ nyocha ọbara iji chọpụta chromosome Philadelphia, nke a na-achọta na 85% nke ndị nwere ọrịa leukemia myelogenous na-adịghị ala ala (CML).

A na-eme nnụnnụ mmiri ọmụmụ iji lelee nwa na-etolite etolite maka nsogbu chromosome.

Onye na-eweta gị nwere ike ịtụ ule ndị ọzọ na-aga yana karyotype:

• Microarray: Na-ele obere mgbanwe na chromosomes anya
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (Azụ): Na-achọ obere mmejọ dịka nhichapụ na chromosomes

Nsonaazụ nkịtị bụ:

• Mụ nwanyị: autosomes 44 na chromosomes nke nwoke abụọ (XX), edere dị ka 46, XX
• Mụ nwoke: autosomes 44 na chromosomes nke nwoke abụọ (XY), edere dị ka 46, XY

Nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ, dị ka:

• Ọrịa Down
• Ọrịa Klinefelter
• Chromosome nke Philadelphia
• Trisomy 18
• Ọrịa Turner

Chemotherapy nwere ike ibute nkwụsịtụ chromosome nke na-emetụta nsonaazụ karyotyping nkịtị.

Ihe ize ndụ metụtara usoro eji enweta ihe nlele ahụ.

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nsogbu nwere ike ịdaba na sel ndị na-eto eto na ụlọ nyocha. A ga-emegharị ule Karyotype iji kwenye na nsogbu chromosome na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ n'ezie n'ahụ mmadụ.

Nyocha Chromosome

• Nnukwu

Bacino CA, Lee B. Saịkọọnetị. Na: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Ọrịa edimụaka. Agba nke 20. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: Isi nke 81.

Stein CK. Ngwa nke cytogenetics na pathology nke oge a. Na: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management site na Labozọ Laboratory. 23 nke ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isi 69.