Afọ afọ

Otutu afọ na-aza aza n’otu akụkụ ebe afọ (afọ).

A na-ahụkarị eriri afọ n'oge nyocha ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, uka na-amalite nwayọ nwayọ. Gaghị enwe ike ịnụ oke ahụ.

Chọta ihe mgbu na-enyere onye nlekọta ahụike gị aka ime nchoputa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike kewaa afọ anọ:

• Aka nri-elu quadrant
• Aka ekpe-akuku quadrant
• Aka nri-ala quadrant
• Aka ekpe-quadrant

Okwu ndị ọzọ eji achọta ọnọdụ nke mgbu abdominal ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ mmadụ gụnyere:

• Epigastric - n’afọ n’afọ dị n’okpuru ngụgụ
• Periumbilical - mpaghara gburugburu bọtịnụ afọ

Ọnọdụ nke oke ahụ na nkwụsi ike ya, udidi ya, na agwa ndị ọzọ nwere ike inye ihe ngosi maka ihe kpatara ya.

Ọnọdụ dị iche iche nwere ike ibute ọrịa afọ:

• Arịrịrị afọ nke afọ nwere ike ime ka ihe na-eme mkpọtụ na otube.
• Eriri afo distention (urinary eriri afo n'elu-jupụta na ọmụmụ) nwere ike ime ka a ike uka na etiti nke ala afo n'elu pelvic ọkpọ. N’ọnọdụ nke dị oke njọ, ọ nwere ike ruru otube.
• Cholecystitis nwere ike ibute oke dị nro nke enwere mmetụta n'okpuru imeju na akụkụ aka nri-elu (oge ụfọdụ).
• Ọrịa cancer eriri afọ nwere ike ibute oke mmadụ ọ bụla n'ime afọ.
• Ọrịa Crohn ma ọ bụ igbochi eriri afọ nwere ike ime ka ọtụtụ ndị dị nro, ndị yiri sausaji ebe ọ bụla n'afọ.
• Diverticulitis nwere ike ibute uka nke na-adịkarị na aka ekpe-ala quadrant.
• Gallbladder tumo nwere ike ibute ihe dị nro, nke anaghị agbanwe agbanwe na akụkụ aka nri-elu.
• Hydronephrosis (akụrụ mmiri jupụtara na mmiri) nwere ike ibute ihe dị nro, nke nwere mmetụta dị nro n'otu ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ abụọ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ azụ (mpaghara n'akụkụ).
• Ọrịa akụrụ mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike ibute oke dị n'ime afọ.
• Ọrịa imeju nwere ike ime ka mmadụ sie ike, buru ibu ma nwee akụkụ aka nri dị elu.
• Imeju imeju (hepatomegaly) nwere ike ibute ihe siri ike, nke na - adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'okpuru akụrụngwa aka nri, ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ aka ekpe na mpaghara afọ.
• Neuroblastoma, ọrịa cancer nke a na-ahụkarị na ala afọ nwere ike ibute oke (ọrịa kansa a na-emekarị na ụmụaka na ụmụ ọhụrụ).
• Ovarian cyst nwere ike ibute ihe dị larịị, mechie, roba roba n'elu pelvis na ala ala.
• Pancreatic etuto nwere ike ime ka a uka na elu afo ke epigastric ebe.
• Pancreatic pseudocyst nwere ike ibute oke mkpokọta n’afọ dị n’elu na mpaghara epigastric.
• Mkpụrụ osisi carinaloma Renal nwere ike ime ka ihe dị nro, nke siri ike, mana ọ na-adịchaghị nro n'akụkụ akụrụ (ọ na-emetụta naanị akụrụ).
• Enwere ike ịba ụba gbasara ịba ụba (splenomegaly) mgbe ụfọdụ na akụkụ aka ekpe-elu.
• Ọrịa afọ ime nwere ike ibute oke dị n'akụkụ aka ekpe-n'akụkụ aka ekpe n'akụkụ mpaghara (epigastric) ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa kansa buru ibu.
• Uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) nwere ike ibute oke, buru ibu buru ibu karịa pelvis na ala ala (mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ike nwee mmetụta ma ọ bụrụ na fibroid buru ibu).
• Volvulus nwere ike ibute igwe na ebe obula.
• Mgbochi nkwụsị Ureteropelvic nwere ike ibute oke n'ime afọ ala.

Ekwesiri ka enyocha ndi nile no n’ime ya n’otu oge ozigbo.

Gbanwe ọnọdụ ahụ gị nwere ike inye aka belata nhụjuanya n'ihi oke afọ.

Nweta enyemaka ahụike ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere akpụ akpụ na afọ gị yana nnukwu mgbu afọ. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbawa na-agbawa agbawa, nke bụ ọnọdụ mberede.

Kpọtụrụ onye na-eweta gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị chọpụta ụdị afọ ọ bụla.

N'ime ọnọdụ mberede, onye na-eweta gị ga-eme nyocha nke anụ ahụ wee jụọ ajụjụ gbasara mgbaàmà gị na akụkọ ahụike gị.

Na ọnọdụ mberede, a ga-ebu ụzọ mee ka obi sie gị ike. Mgbe ahụ, onye na-eweta gị ga-enyocha afọ gị ma jụọ ajụjụ gbasara mgbaàmà gị na akụkọ ahụike gị, dị ka:

• Ebee ka uka ahụ dị?
• Kedu mgbe ị matara uka ahụ?
• Ọ na-abịa ma na-aga?
• Ndi uka a gbanwere n'ibu ma ọ bụ n'ọnọdụ? Ọ na-egbu mgbu ma ọ bụ karịa?
• Kedu ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ ị nwere?

Enwere ike ịnwale ule pelvic ma ọ bụ nyocha. Ule nwere ike ịchọta ihe kpatara oke afọ gụnyere:

• Ime CT i scanomi
• Ime ultrasound
• Ime x-ray
• Ọdịdị
• Barium enema
• Nyocha ọbara dị ka CBC na onwu ọbara
• Nnyocha
• EGD
• Ọmụmụ Isotope
• Sigmoidoscopy

Uka n’afọ

• Anatomical akara ala okenye - nlele anya
• Usoro nri
• Fibroid etuto ahụ
• Ọrịa Aortic

Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW. Afọ. Na: Ball JW, Dains JE, Flynn JA, Solomon BS, Stewart RW, eds. Nduzi Seidel maka Nnyocha Ahụhụ. Agba nke 9. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2019: isi 18.

Landmann A, Nkekọ M, Postier R. Nnukwu afọ. Na: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Akwụkwọ Sabiston nke gerywa Ahụ. 21nke. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2022: Isi 46.

McQuaid KR. Agakwuru onye ọrịa nwere ọrịa eriri afọ. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 123.