Ọbara afọ

Ọrịa afọ (GI) na-ezo aka n'ọbara ọ bụla na-amalite na eriri afọ.

Ọbara ọgbụgba nwere ike si na saịtị ọ bụla yana traktị GI, mana ọ na - ekewa ya mgbe mgbe:

• Ọbara elu GI nke elu: GI nke GI dị elu na-agụnye esophagus (ọkpọ ahụ si n'ọnụ ya ruo afọ), afọ, na akụkụ mbụ nke eriri afọ.
• Obere ọbara GI dị ala: tract GI nke dị ala gụnyere ọtụtụ eriri afọ, nnukwu eriri afọ ma ọ bụ eriri afọ, ikensi, na ike.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọbara ọgbụgba GI nwere ike ịdị obere nke na enwere ike ịchọpụta ya naanị na nyocha ụlọ nyocha dịka ule ọbara anwansi. Ihe ịrịba ama ndị ọzọ nke ọbara ọgbụgba GI gụnyere:

• Ọchịchịrị, tarry stools
• Ọbara ka ukwuu si na ikensi gafere
• Obere ọbara n'ime ụlọ mposi, na akwụkwọ mposi, ma ọ bụ na ahịhịa na stool (feces)
• Ọkpọ ọbara

Nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba site na traktị GI nwere ike ịdị egwu. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi obere ọbara ọgbụgba nke na-eme ogologo oge nwere ike ibute nsogbu ndị dị ka anaemia ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara dị ala.

Ozugbo achọtara ebe ọbara ọgbụgba dị, ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iji kwụsị ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ ma ọ bụ mesoo ihe kpatara ya.

Ọbara GI nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị njọ, gụnyere:

• Ọkpụkpụ fissure
• Ọbara

Ọbara ọgbụgba GI nwekwara ike bụrụ akara nke ọrịa na ọnọdụ ka njọ. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye ọrịa kansa nke traktị GI dịka:

• Ọrịa cancer nke eriri afọ
• Ọrịa cancer nke obere eriri afọ
• Ọrịa cancer nke afọ
• Eriri afọ polyps (a tupu ọrịa cancer ọnọdụ)

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ọbara ọgbụgba GI nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Vesselsdị arịa ọbara na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ime eriri nke eriri afọ (nke a na-akpọkwa angiodysplasia)
• Ọbara ọgbụgba ọbara, ma ọ bụ diverticulosis
• Ọrịa Crohn ma ọ bụ ọnya afọ
• Icesdị esophageal
• Esophagitis
• Ọnya afọ (afọ)
• Intussusception (eriri afọ telescoped na onwe ya)
• Mallory-Weiss dọkatụrụ adọka
• Ntughari meckel
• Ọrịa radieshon na eriri afọ

Enwere ule nyocha ụlọ maka ọbara microscopic nke enwere ike ịkwado maka ndị anaemia ma ọ bụ maka nyocha ọrịa kansa.

Kpọọ onye nlekọta ahụike gị ma ọ bụrụ:

• Have nwere oji, na oche oche (nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbara ọgbụgba Gi)
• I nwere ọbara n'ọgba gị
• Na-agbọpụta ọbara ma ọ bụ na-agbọpụta ihe yiri ka kọfị kọfị

Onye na - eweta ọrụ gị nwere ike ịchọpụta na ọbara ọgbụgba GI na-agba gị n’oge ule n’ọkpụkpụ gị.

Ọbara GI nwere ike ịbụ ọnọdụ mberede chọrọ nlekọta ahụike ozugbo. Ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Mmịnye ọbara.
• Fluids na ọgwụ site vein.
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Otu obere tube nwere igwefoto na njedebe gafere n'ọnụ gị n'ime akpịrị, afọ, na obere eriri afọ.
• A na-etinye tube n'ime ọnụ gị n'ime afọ iji kpochapụ ọdịnaya afọ (gastric lavage).

Ozugbo ọnọdụ gị kwụsiri ike, ị ga-enwe nyocha anụ ahụ na nyocha zuru ezu nke afọ gị. A ga-ajụkwa gị ajụjụ gbasara mgbaàmà gị, gụnyere:

• Kedu oge mbụ ị hụrụ mgbaàmà?
• Have nwere nwa ojii, tarry stool ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara dị na stool?
• Vom gbapụbara ọbara?
• You gbụrụ ihe nke yiri ka kọfị kọfị?
• You nwere akuko peptic ma ọ bụ ọnya afọ duodenal?
• You nwetụla mgbe ị nwere ihe mgbaàmà ndị dị otú a na mbụ?
• Kedu ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ ị nwere?

Ule nke enwere ike ime gunyere:

• Ime CT i scanomi
• Nyocha MRI nke afọ
• Ime x-ray
• Ọdịdị
• Ọbara ọgbụgba (akpado ọbara ọbara cell i scanomi)
• Nnwale ọbara ọgbụgba
• Capsule endoscopy (mkpụrụ ọgwụ igwefoto nke eloro iji lee eriri afọ ya anya)
• Nnyocha
• Nyocha ọbara zuru oke (CBC), nyocha ọbara, ọnye platelet, na nyocha ụlọ nyocha ndị ọzọ
• Enteroscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• EGD ma ọ bụ esophago-gastro endoscopy

Lower ọbara GI; GI na-agba ọbara; Ugwu GI na-agba ọbara; Hematochezia

• GI na-agba ọbara - usoro
• Uche anwansi anwa anwa

Kovacs NA, Jensen DM. Ọbara ọgbụgba. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke iri abụọ na ise. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 135.

Meguerdichian DA, Goralnick E. Ọbara ọgbụgba. Na: Mgbidi RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Ngwọta Mberede nke Rosen: Echiche na usoro ọgwụgwọ. Agba nke 9. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isi 27.

Savides TJ, Jensen DM. Ọbara afọ. Na: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger na Ọrịa Cancer nke Fordtran na Ọrịa Imeju: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Nke iri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 20.