Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism bụ nsogbu nke parathyroid glands n'olu gị na-emepụta ọtụtụ parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Enwere obere gland parathyroid dị 4 n'olu, nso ma ọ bụ tinye n'akụkụ azụ nke gland thyroid.

The parathyroid glands na-enyere aka ịchịkwa iji calcium na mwepụ site na ahụ. Ha na-eme nke a site na imepụta hormone parathyroid (PTH). PTH na - enyere aka igbochi calcium, phosphorus, na vitamin D n’ọbara na n’ọkpụkpụ.

Mgbe ọkwa calcium dị obere, ahụ na-aza site na ịmekwu PTH. Nke a na-eme ka ọkwa calcium dị n'ọbara na-arị elu.

Mgbe otu ma ọ bụ karịa nke parathyroid glands na-ebuwanye ibu, ọ na-eduga na PTH dị ukwuu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe na-akpata ya bụ ọrịa na-egbu egbu nke parathyroid glands (parathyroid adenoma). Ọrịa ndị a na-adịghị mma na-emekarị ma na-enweghị ihe kpatara kpatara.

• Ọrịa a na-ahụkarị ndị gaferela afọ iri isii, mana ọ nwekwara ike ịpụta na ndị okenye. Hyperparathyroidism dị na nwata bụ ihe ọhụrụ.
• Womenmụ nwanyị nwere ike bute karịa ụmụ nwoke.
• Radieshon dị n’isi na n’olu na - eme ka egwu dịrị.
• Syfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (ọtụtụ endocrine neoplasia I) na-eme ka o yikarịrị ka ọ ga-enwe hyperparathyroidism.
• N'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe, ọrịa a na-akpata site na parathyroid cancer.

Ọnọdụ ahụike na-ebute obere ọbara calcium ma ọ bụ ụba phosphate nwekwara ike ibute hyperparathyroidism. Ọnọdụ ndị a gụnyere:

• Ọnọdụ ndị na-eme ka o siere ahụ ike iwepu phosphate
• Akụrụ ọdịda
• Ezughị calcium na nri
• Ọtụtụ calcium na-efukwa na mamịrị
• Ọrịa Vitamin D (nwere ike ịdaba na ụmụaka ndị anaghị eri nri dị iche iche, yana ndị okenye na-enwetaghị ìhè anyanwụ zuru oke na akpụkpọ ahụ ha ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ezigbo mmiri nke vitamin D site na nri dị ka ịwa ahụ bariatric)
• Nsogbu ịmịkọrọ ihe na-edozi ahụ na nri

A na-ahụkarị Hyperparathyroidism site na nyocha ọbara nkịtị tupu mgbaàmà apụta.

Mgbaàmà na-abụkarị ihe kpatara mmebi nke akụkụ ahụ site na ọkwa calcium dị elu n'ọbara, ma ọ bụ site na ọnwụ nke calcium site na ọkpụkpụ. Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Ọkpụkpụ mgbu ma ọ bụ ịdị nro
• Mmetụta na nchefu
• N’inwe ahụ ike ọgwụgwụ, ọrịa, na ike ọgwụgwụ
• Ọkpụkpụ na-emebi emebi nke aka na ụkwụ na azụ nwere ike ịgbaji ngwa ngwa
• Ọnụ mmamịrị na-abawanye na mkpa ịmịkwu mmamịrị ugboro ugboro
• Nkume akụrụ
• Nausea na agụụ nke agụụ

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ ma jụọ maka ihe mgbaàmà.

Ule nke enwere ike ime gunyere:

• PTH ule ọbara
• Nyocha Calcium
• Alkalisi phosphatase
• Site
• 24-awa mmamịrị ule

Ọkpụkpụ ụzarị ọkụ na njupụta ịnweta ọkpụkpụ (DXA) nwere ike inyere aka chọpụta ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, mgbaji ọkpụkpụ, ma ọ bụ nro nro.

X-ray, ultrasound, ma ọ bụ CT na-enyocha akụrụ ma ọ bụ urinary tract nwere ike igosi calcium ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi.

A na-eji Ultrasound ma ọ bụ nyocha ọgwụ nuklia nke n'olu (sestamibi) hụ ma ọ bụrụ na akpụ akpụ (adenoma) na parathyroid gland na-akpata hyperparathyroidism.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nwayọọ nwayọọ karịa ọkwa calcium ma ị nweghị mgbaàmà, ị nwere ike ịhọrọ ịme nyocha oge niile ma ọ bụ nweta ọgwụgwọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị kpebie ịnara ọgwụgwọ, ọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Ụ ihe ọidsụ fluụ ndị ọzọ iji gbochie nkume akụrụ ịmalite
• Na-emega ahụ
• Anaghị ewere ụdị ọgwụ mmiri a na-akpọ thiazide diuretic
• Estrogen maka ndi nwanyi gabigara mmeko
• Inwe ịwa ahụ iji wepu oke glands

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà ma ọ bụ ọkwa calcium gị dị oke elu, ịnwere ike ịwa ahụ iji wepụ gland parathyroid nke na-emejuputa homonụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere hyperparathyroidism sitere na ọnọdụ ahụike, onye na-enye gị nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ vitamin D, ọ bụrụ na ị nwere obere vitamin D.

Ọ bụrụ na hyperparathyroidism kpatara akụrụ akụrụ, ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Extra calcium na vitamin D
• Izere phosphate na nri
• Ọgwụ cinacalcet (Sensipar)
• Ntughari ma ọ bụ ịkpụgharị akụrụ
• Parathyroid ịwa ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ọkwa parathyroid na-adị elu na-enweghị nchịkwa

Outlook dabere na ihe kpatara hyperparathyroidism.

Nsogbu dị ogologo oge nke nwere ike ime mgbe anaghị achịkwa hyperparathyroidism gụnyere:

• Ọkpụkpụ ga-ada mbà, gbanwee, ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịgbaji
• Ọbara mgbali elu na ọrịa obi
• Nkume akụrụ
• Ọrịa akụrụ ogologo oge

Surgerywa ahụ nke parathyroid gland nwere ike ịkpata hypoparathyroidism na mmebi nke irighiri akwara na-achịkwa ụda olu.

Paracalroid metụtara hypercalcemia; Osteoporosis - hyperparathyroidism; Ọkpụkpụ mkpa - hyperparathyroidism; Osteopenia - hyperparathyroidism; Ọkwa calcium dị elu - hyperparathyroidism; Ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala - hyperparathyroidism; Akụrụ ọdịda - hyperparathyroidism; Okpomoku parathyroid; Vitamin D erughi - hyperparathyroidism

• Parathyroid glands

Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Nsogbu Hyperthyroid. Na: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Williams nke Endocrinology. Nke iri na anọ. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 12.

Thakker RV. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia na hypocalcemia. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 232.