Alkalosis

Alkalosis bụ ọnọdụ nke mmiri mmiri na-emebiga ihe ókè (alkali). Nke a bụ ihe megidere acid (acidosis).

Akụrụ na ngụgụ na-enwe nguzozi kwesịrị ekwesị (ọkwa pH kwesịrị ekwesị) nke kemikal a na-akpọ asịd na ntọala n’ahụ. Mbelata carbon dioxide (acid) ma ọ bụ bicarbonate dị elu (ntọala) na-eme ka ahụ dịkwuo alkaline, ọnọdụ a na-akpọ alkalosis. E nwere ụdị alkalosis dị iche iche. A kọwara ndị a n'okpuru.

A na-ebute alkalosis na-ekpo ume site na ọkwa carbon dioxide dị ala n'ime ọbara. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi:

• Ahụ ọkụ
• Nọ n'ebe dị elu
• Enweghị oxygen
• Ọrịa imeju
• Ọrịa akpa ume, nke na-eme ka ị na-eku ume ngwa ngwa (hyperventilate)
• Pụ Ọgwụ Aspirin

Metabolic alkalosis na-akpata oke bicarbonate n'ime ọbara. O nwekwara ike ime n'ihi ụfọdụ ọrịa akụrụ.

Hypochloremic alkalosis na-akpata oke ụkọ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ nke chloride, dịka site na ịgba agbọ agbọ.

Hypokalemic alkalosis na-akpata site na akụrụ na-aza oke ụkọ ma ọ bụ ọnwụ nke potassium. Nke a nwere ike ịpụta site na ịre ụfọdụ ọgwụ mmiri (diuretics).

Compensated alkalosis na-eme mgbe ahụ laghachiri acid-isi nguzo na nso nkịtị na ọnọdụ nke alkalosis, ma bicarbonate na carbon dioxide etoju anọgide ndiiche.

Mgbaàmà nke alkalosis nwere ike ịgụnye nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a:

• Mgbagwoju anya (nwere ike ịga n'ihu na nzuzu ma ọ bụ coma)
• Aka jijiji
• Igwe ọkụ
• Akwara twitch
• Ọgbụgbọ, vomiting
• Ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ ntamu ihu, aka, ma ọ bụ ụkwụ
• Ọkpụkpụ akwara (tetany)

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ ma jụọ maka ihe mgbaàmà gị.

Nyocha ụlọ nyocha nke a pụrụ inye iwu gụnyere:

• Nyocha gas gas.
• Electrolytes ule, dị ka isi metabolic panel nkwenye alkalosis na-egosi ma ọ bụ akụkụ okuku ume ma ọ bụ metabolic alkalosis.

Nyocha ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa iji chọpụta ihe kpatara alkalosis. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Igbe x-ray
• Urinalysis
• Mmamịrị pH

Iji na-emeso alkalosis, onye na-eweta gị mkpa ka ị chọpụta ihe kpatara ya.

Maka alkalosis nke hyperventilation kpatara, iku ume n'ime akpa akwụkwọ na-enye gị ohere idobekwu carbon dioxide na ahụ gị, nke na-eme ka alkalosis ahụ dịkwuo mma. Ọ bụrụ na ikuku oxygen gị dị ntakịrị, ịnwere ike ịnweta oxygen.

Ọgwụ nwere ike ịdị mkpa iji dozie ọghọm kemịkal (dị ka chloride na potassium). Onye na-enye gị ọrụ ga-enyocha ihe ịrịba ama gị dị oke mkpa (ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, akwara, ume iku ume, na ọbara mgbali elu).

Ọtụtụ ikpe nke alkalosis na-anabata ọgwụgwọ dị mma.

Agwaghị ma ọ bụ agwọghị ya nke ọma, nsogbu nwere ike ịgụnye nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a:

• Arrhythmias (obi na-eti oke ọsọ ọsọ, ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụ oge ụfọdụ)
• Coma
• Nha aha electrolyte (dịka obere ọkwa potassium)

Kpọọ onye na-enye gị ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbagwoju anya, enweghị ike itinye uche gị, ma ọ bụ na enweghị ike "iku ume gị."

Gaa na ụlọ mberede ma ọ bụ kpọọ nọmba mberede obodo (dịka 911) ma ọ bụrụ na enwere:

• Loss nke nsụhọ
• Ihe mgbaàmà na-akawanye njọ nke alkalosis
• Ọdịdọ
• Nsogbu iku ume siri ike

Mgbochi na-adabere n'ihe kpatara alkalosis.Ndị nwere akụrụ na ume dị mma anaghị enwekarị alkalosis.

• Akụrụ

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Acid-isi nguzozi. Na: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Murray na Nadel nke Medicine Respiratory. Nke isii. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Nyocha maka ọrụ gbasara akụrụ, mmiri, electrolytes, na nhazi acid. Na: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management site na Labozọ Laboratory. 23 nke ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isi 14.

Nke anọ JL. Ọrịa Acid-base. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 110.