Ọrịa cancer

Prostate cancer bụ kansa na-amalite na prostate gland. Prostate bụ obere ihe dị ka ụdị osisi ukpa na-eme ka akụkụ nke usoro ọmụmụ nwoke. Ọ na-ekpuchi gburugburu ure ahụ, ọkpọkọ nke na-ebu mmamịrị ahụ.

Prostate cancer bụ ihe na-anwụkarị ọrịa kansa na ụmụ nwoke karịrị afọ 75. A naghị ahụkarị ọrịa prostate ụmụ nwoke na-erughị afọ 40.

Ndị nọ n'oké ihe egwu gụnyere:

• Americanmụ nwoke Africa America, nwekwara ike ibute ọrịa kansa a n'oge ọ bụla
• Abovemụ nwoke ndị gafere afọ iri isii
• Menmụ nwoke nwere nna ma ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nwere ọrịa prostate

Ndị ọzọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ gụnyere:

• Mụ nwoke ndị nọ gburugburu Agent Orange
• Mụ nwoke ndị na-eri nri abụba dị elu, ọkachasị abụba anụmanụ
• Umu nwoke obesi

Prostate cancer anaghị adịkarị na ndị anaghị eri anụ (ndị anaghị eri anụ).

Nsogbu a na-enwekarị n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ nwoke nile ka ha na-etolite bụ prostate gbasaa. A na-akpọ nke a hyperplasia adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ BPH. Ọ naghị ebulite nsogbu gị nke ọrịa kansa prostate. Ma, ọ nwere ike ịbawanye nsonaazụ ọbara gị na-akpata antigen (PSA).

Na mbu prostate cancer, enweghi mgbe ihe mgbaàmà.

Nnwale ọbara PSA nwere ike ime iji nyochaa ụmụ nwoke maka ọrịa kansa prostate. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọkwa PSA na-ebili tupu enwere mgbaàmà ọ bụla.

Ihe mgbaàmà edepụtara n'okpuru nwere ike ime na ọrịa prostate ka ọ na-ebuwanye ibu na prostate. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị a nwekwara ike kpatara nsogbu ndị ọzọ:

• Na-egbu oge ma ọ bụ na-egbu oge ịmalite mmiri iyi
• Dribbling ma ọ bụ leakage nke mmamịrị, ọtụtụ mgbe urinating
• Nwayọ urinary iyi
• Gha mgbe urinating, ma ọ bụ enweghị ike iwepu mmamịrị niile
• Ọbara na mmamịrị ma ọ bụ ọbara ọcha

Mgbe kansa gbasaa, enwere ike nwee mgbu ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ịdị nro, ọtụtụ mgbe na obere azụ na ọkpụkpụ pelvic.

Nnwale nyocha ọhụụ dijitalụ na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịbụ naanị akara nke ọrịa kansa prostate.

Achọrọ biopsy iji chọpụta ma ị nwere ọrịa cancer prostate. A biopsy bụ usoro iji wepu ihe nlele nke anụ ahụ na prostate. A na-ezigara ihe nlele na ụlọ nyocha maka nyocha. A ga-eme ya n'ọfịs dọkịta gị.

Dọkịta gị nwere ike ịkwado biopsy ma ọ bụrụ na:

• Have nwere ọkwa PSA dị elu
• Nyocha nyocha nke dijitalụ na-ekpughe ihu siri ike ma ọ bụ na-enweghị isi

A na - akọ ihe sitere na biopsy site na iji ihe a na - akpọ ọkwa Gleason na akara Gleason.

Udiri Gleason na agwa gi otu ngwa oria nwere ike isi gbasaa. Ọ na-atụle etuto ahụ na ogo 1 ruo 5. may nwere ike ịnwe akara mmụta dị iche iche nke kansa n'otu ihe nlele biopsy. A na-agbakwunye akara akara abụọ kachasị ọnụ. Nke a na-enye gị akara Gleason. Nke dị elu na akara Gleason gị, o yikarịrị ka ọrịa cancer ọ nwere ike gbasaa karịa prostate:

• Nke 2 site na 6: Ọrịa prostate dị ala ala.
• Akara 7: Nke etiti- (ma ọ bụ na etiti) ọkwa ọrịa kansa. Imirikiti ọrịa cancer prostate na-adaba n’otu a.
• Nke 8 site na 10: Ọrịa cancer dị elu.

Usoro grading ọzọ, 5 Grade Group sistemụ na - arụ ọrụ ka mma nke ịkọwa etu ọrịa kansa ga - esi mee omume ma meghachi omume na ọgwụgwọ:

• 1 nke otu: akara Gleason 6 ma ọ bụ obere (ọrịa cancer dị ala)
• Otu 2 nke otu: akara Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 (ọkara ọkwa cancer)
• Otu nke 3: akara Gleason 4 + 3 = 7 (cancer ọkara ọkwa)
• Otu 4 nke otu: akara Gleason 8 (ọrịa cancer dị elu)
• Otu nke otu 5: akara Gleason 9 ka 10 (cancer dị elu)

Otu dị ala na-egosi ohere dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ nke ọma karịa otu dị elu. Otu dị elu karị pụtara na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ cancer na-adị iche na sel ndị nkịtị. Otu dị elu karịa pụtara na o yikarịrị ka etuto ahụ ga-agbasasị ike.

Enwere ike ime nyocha ndị a iji chọpụta ma ọrịa kansa a agbasala:

• Nyocha CT
• Nyocha ọkpụkpụ
• Nyocha MRI

A ga-ejikwa nyocha ọbara PSA iji lelee kansa gị mgbe ị gwọchara ya.

Ọgwụgwọ dabere n'ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere akara Gleason na ahụike gị. Dọkịta gị ga-atụle gị usoro ịgwọ ọrịa.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa cancer agbasaghị n'èzí gland, usoro ọgwụgwọ nkịtị gụnyere:

• Wa ahụ (radiate prostate)
• Ọkụ radieshon, gụnyere brachytherapy na proton ọgwụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị meela okenye, dọkịta gị nwere ike ịkwado naanị nyochaa cancer ahụ site na nyocha PSA na biopsies.

A na-ejikarị ọgwụgwọ hormone eme ihe maka kansa nke gbasaa gafere prostate. Ọ na - enyere aka belata mgbaàmà ma gbochie uto na mgbasa nke ọrịa kansa. Mana ọ naghị agwọ kansa ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọrịa cancer prostate na-agbasa ọbụna mgbe a gbasịrị ọgwụgwọ hormone, ịwa ahụ, ma ọ bụ radieshon, ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Ọgwụ
• Immunotherapy (ọgwụ iji kpalite usoro ahụ ji alụ ọgụ iji wakpo ma gbuo mkpụrụ ndụ kansa)

Gerywa ahụ, ọgwụgwọ radieshon, na ọgwụgwọ hormone nwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ mmekọahụ gị. Nsogbu banyere mmamịrị na-ekwe omume mgbe ịwachara ahụ na ọgwụgwọ radieshon. Soro ndị nlekọta ahụike gị kwurịtara nsogbu gị.

Emechaa ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa kansa prostate, a ga-elegide gị anya iji hụ na ọrịa kansa ahụ agbasaghị. Nke a gụnyere nyocha oge niile, gụnyere nyocha PSA (ọ na-abụkarị kwa ọnwa 3 ruo afọ 1).

Nwere ike belata nrụgide nke ọrịa site na isonye na otu nkwado cancer prostate. Kọrọ ndị ọzọ ihe ha na-eme na nsogbu niile nwere ike inyere gị aka ichewe naanị gị.

Etu ị si eme nke ọma dabere na ọrịa cancer ahụ agbasala n'èzí gland na etu mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ akụ cancer si bụrụ (akara Gleason) mgbe ịchọpụtara gị.

Ngwọta a ga - ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa kansa agbasaghị. Ọgwụgwọ nke homonụ nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mma, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ike ịgwọ ya.

Soro ndị ọrụ ahụike gị kwurịta uru na ọghọm dị na nyocha PSA.

Soro ndị na-ahụ maka gị kwurịtara maka ụzọ ndị a ga - esi selata ihe ize ndụ ị na - enwe ịrịa kansa prostate Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye usoro ndụ, dị ka nri na mmega ahụ.

O nweghi ogwu FDA n’enyere maka igbochi oria prostate.

Ọrịa cancer - prostate; Biopsy - prostate; Prostate biopsy; Gleason akara

• Pelvic radieshon - ihapu
• Prostate brachytherapy - ihapu
• Ọgwụ radieshon - ajụjụ ịjụ dọkịta gị
• Radical prostatectomy - ihapu

• Nwoke omumu anatomi
• Nwoke urinary tract
• BPH
• Ọrịa cancer
• Nyocha PSA
• Prostatectomy - Usoro
• Ntughari transurethral nke prostate (TURP) - Usoro

Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ American Urological Association. Nyocha PSA maka nhazi usoro na nlekọta ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa cancer prostate: Ndozi 2013 nke Nkwupụta Omume Kacha Mma. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-specific-antigen-(psa)-best-practice-statement. Nabata December 5, 2019.

Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ American Urological Association. Nchọpụta mbụ nke ọrịa cancer prostate (2018): usoro nlekọta ahụike. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline. Nabata August 22, 2019.

Weebụsaịtị National Cancer Institute. Prostate cancer ọgwụgwọ (PDQ) ụdị ọkachamara ahụike. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq. Emelitere September 20, 2019. Nabata December 5, 2019.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network weebụsaịtị. NCCN usoro nlekọta ahụike na oncology (ntuziaka NCCN): ọrịa cancer prostate. Dị 4.2019. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. Emelitere August 19, 2019. Nabata September 4, 2019.

Nelson WG, Antonarakis ES, Carter HB, De Marzo AM, DeWeese TL. Ọrịa cancer. Na: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Nke isii. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi nke 81.

Stephenson AJ, Klein EA. Epidemiology, etiology, na mgbochi nke cancer prostate. Na: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, eds. Ulology nke Campbell-Walsh. Nke 11. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi 107.

Ndị Ọrụ Ọrụ Mgbochi US, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Nnyocha maka ọrịa prostate: Nkwupụta nkwupụta US Task Force Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. PMID: 29801017 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801017.