Gịnị Bụ Osikapa Parboiled, Ọ dịkwa Mma?

Ndinaya

• Gini bu osikapa?
• Nri na-edozi ahụ
• Enwere ike ị nweta osikapa achicha
• Mma nri na nchekwa nchekwa
• Nyefee nke osisi ogige
• Nhazi nke ọgwụ mgbochi
• Nwere ike imetụta shuga dị obere
• Enwere ike iduga
• Isi okwu

Akwukwo osikapa, nke a na-akpọkwa osikapa gbanwere, bu uzo nke oma n'ime ahihia ya anaghi eri tupu etinye ya maka iri.

N’ebe ụfọdụ dị n ’Eshia na Afrịka, ndị mmadụ na-akọ osikapa kemgbe oge ochie n’ihi na ọ na-eme ka mkpoko ahụ dịrị mfe iji aka wepụ ya.

Usoro a abụrụla nke ọkaibe karịa ka ọ bụ ụzọ a na-ahụkarị iji meziwanye uru, nchekwa, na uru ahụike nke osikapa.

Isiokwu a na-atụle osikapa esi nri, gụnyere nri ya, uru ya na ọghọm ya.

Gini bu osikapa?

Parboiling eme tupu osikapa milled, na bụ tupu inedible mpụga husk wepụrụ na-enye osikapa agba aja aja ma tupu osikapa agba aja aja na-nụchara anụcha iji mee osikapa ọcha.

Nzọụkwụ atọ dị mkpa bụ (1,):

1. Tụrụ anya. Raw, unhusked osikapa, nke a na-akpọ paddy osikapa, na-etinye ya na mmiri ọkụ iji mee ka mmiri dịkwuo elu.
2. Na-agba mmiri. A na-agbanye osikapa ruo mgbe stachi ga-aghọ gel. Okpomọkụ nke usoro a na-enye aka egbu nje na ụmụ nje ndị ọzọ.
3. Ihicha. A na-eji nwayọ osikapa akpọnwụ iji belata mmiri ọ soụ ka ọ bụrụ milled.

Parboiling gbanwere agba osikapa na odo odo ma ọ bụ amba dị ọcha, nke dị iche na agba ọcha, agba ọcha nke osikapa oge niile. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụghị ọchịchịrị dị ka osikapa agba aja aja (1).

Mgbanwe agba a bụ n'ihi pigments na-esi na husk na bran banye n'ime starchy endosperm (obi kernel osikapa), yana mmeghachi omume nchara nchara nke na-eme n'oge parboiling (,).

A na-etinye mmiri osikapa, sie ya, ma fụchaa ya n’akụ ma ọ bụrụ na a ghee ya. Usoro ahụ na-eme ka osikapa na-acha odo odo karịa ọcha.

Nri na-edozi ahụ

Mgbe a na-akwọ ụfụ, ụfọdụ nri mmiri na-edozi mmiri na-esi na bran nke kernel osikapa banye na njedebe stosy. Nke a na - ebelata ụfọdụ nri na - edozi ahụ na - adịkarị mgbe a na - anụcha ya mgbe ị na - eme osikapa ọcha (1).

Nke a bụ otu osikapa 5,5 (gram 155) nke osikapa, sie, osikapa atụnyere otu ego osikapa, sie, ọcha na agba aja aja. Nke a ruru ihe dị ka iko 1 osikapa ọcha na osikapa ma ọ bụ iko 3/4 nke osikapa agba aja aja ():

Karịsịa, osikapa a na-esi nri esiwanye osikapa na niacin karịa osikapa ọcha. Nri ndị a dị mkpa maka mmepụta ume. Ọzọkwa, osikapa achicha dị elu karịa eriri na protein (6, 7).

N'aka nke ọzọ, ụfọdụ mineral, gụnyere magnesium na zinc, dị ntakịrị karịa osikapa achicha, ma e jiri ya tụnyere osikapa na-acha ọcha na aja aja. Nke ahụ kwuru, ụkpụrụ ndị a nwere ike ịdị iche na-adabere na mgbanwe na usoro ịmegharị (1).

Ma osikapa a boara n’ọkụ ma nke ọcha na-eme ka iron, thiamine, niacin na folate baa ọgaranya mgbe ụfọdụ, nke na-ebelata ụfọdụ n’ime ihe ndị a na-edozi ahụ ma e jiri ha tụnyere osikapa agba aja aja. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, osikapa agba aja aja bụ isi iyi kachasị mma nke nri, na mkpokọta.

Parboiled osikapa dị elu na vitamin B ma e jiri ya tụnyere unenriched, mgbe niile osikapa ọcha. Nke a bụ n'ihi na parboiling usoro, n'oge nke ụfọdụ nri nyefee si bran n'ime starchy endosperm. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, osikapa agba aja bụ nke kachasị edozi.

Enwere ike ị nweta osikapa achicha

Parboiling bụ ọsọ, nwere obere n'ihi ya bara uru utịp ke nri na nchekwa àgwà nke osikapa. Nnyocha na-egosikwa na ọ nwere ike ịnwe uru ahụike karịa mmụba na uru oriri.

Mma nri na nchekwa nchekwa

Iberibe osisi na-ebelata osikapa osikapa nke mere na ọ na - ewepụta mkpụrụ dị iche na kernel dị iche iche ozugbo esiri ya. Nke a bụ ihe na-achọsi ike ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ idobe osikapa ahụ nwa oge tupu ị na-eje ozi, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme atụmatụ ịmegharị ma ọ bụ kpoo osikapa fọdụrụnụ ma chọọ izere ịkwanye ().

Ọzọkwa, ịsụ nsụ na-eme ka enzymes ndị na-emebi abuba dị osikapa ghara ịdị irè. Nke a na-enyere aka igbochi rancidity na flavors, ịba ụba adị ndụ ().

Nyefee nke osisi ogige

Mgbe milled osikapa na-acha ọka zuru ezu iji mee osikapa ọcha, a na-ewepụ oyi akwa bran na nje ndị ọgaranya. N'ihi ya, ogige osisi nwere ike ịba uru efuola.

Agbanyeghị, mgbe ejiri osikapa mee nri, ụfọdụ n'ime ogige osisi ndị a, gụnyere phenolic acid na antioxidant Njirimara, na-ebufe starchy endosperm nke kernel osikapa, na-ebelata ọnwụ n'oge nhazigharị. Antioxidants na-echebe megide mmebi cellular ().

N'ime ihe ọmụmụ ọnwa 1 na oke na-arịa ọrịa shuga, achọtara osikapa nwere 127% karịa phenolic ogige karịa osikapa ọcha. Ihe ọzọ bụ na ị na-eri osikapa achicha chebere akụrụ oke site na mmebi sitere na free free radicals, ebe osikapa adịghị ().

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a chọkwuru nyocha iji chọpụta ogige osisi na osikapa achicha na uru ahụike ha.

Nhazi nke ọgwụ mgbochi

Mgbe osikapa na steamed dị ka akụkụ nke parboiling usoro, stachi ghọọ a jel. Mgbe ọ jụrụ, ọ na-agaghachi azụ, nke pụtara na mkpụrụ osisi starch na-agbanwe ma sie ike (1).

Usoro a nke nlọghachi azụ na-emepụta starch na-eguzogide ọgwụ, nke na-eguzogide mgbaze kama ịkụda ya na obere eriri afọ gị (11).

Mgbe stachi na-eguzogide na-abanye eriri afọ gị buru ibu, ọ na-eme ka nje na-aba uru na-akpọ probiotics ma gbaa ume ka ha too. Ya mere, a na-akpọ stachi na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ka prebiotic ().

Prebiotics na-akwalite ahụ ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe nje bacteria na-eme ka mmiri gbaa ha ume, ha na-enye fatty acids dị mkpụmkpụ, gụnyere butyrate, nke na-azụ mkpụrụ ndụ nke eriri afọ gị buru ibu ().

Nwere ike imetụta shuga dị obere

Osikapa achicha nwere ike ọ gaghị ebuli shuga ọbara gị dị ka ụdị osikapa ndị ọzọ. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ya stachi na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ubé elu protein ọdịnaya ().

Mgbe ndị mmadụ na-arịa ụdị ọrịa shuga iri abụọ riri ihe dị ka iko 1 1/8 (gram 185) nke osikapa a kwakọbara agwakọta mgbe ha busịrị ọnụ n'abalị, mmụba ha n'ọbara shuga dị 35% karịa mgbe ha riri otu osikapa ọcha mgbe niile ().

N'otu ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, ọ nweghị nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'ọbara shuga dị n'ọbara n'etiti osikapa ọcha na agba aja aja, n'agbanyeghị na nke a bụ nhọrọ na-edozi ahụ ().

N'otu aka ahụ, n'ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ gbasara ndị nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga nke abụọ, na-eri ihe dịka 1 1/4 iko (gram 195) nke osikapa esi nri mgbe abali ọsịsọ mụbara shuga shuga 30% na-erughị iri otu osikapa na-acha ọcha mgbe niile ().

Iri osikapa osikapa nke chiliri ma mechaa kpoo ọkụ nwere ike belata mmetụta ya na ọbara shuga (,).

Ka o sina dị, ọ dị mkpa ka ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ dịkwuo mkpa iji chọpụta uru osikapa a mịrị amị nwere maka njikwa shuga ọbara.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrịa shuga ma nwalee ọbara shuga gị n'ụlọ, ị nwere ike ịlele n'onwe gị ka ụdị osikapa dị iche iche si emetụta ogo gị. Jide n'aka na ị tụnyere otu ego osikapa ma rie ha n'otu ụzọ ahụ iji nwee ntụnyere dị mma.

Achịcha osikapa anaghị adị mfe ma ọ bụrụ na e jiri ya tụnyere osikapa agba aja aja ma sie ya na kernel ndị akọwapụtara nke ọma karịa ịpịa. O nwekwara ike inyekwuo ogige osisi, na-akwado ahụ ike, ma bulie shuga ọbara na-erughị osikapa ọcha mgbe niile.

Enwere ike iduga

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke osikapa achicha bụ na ọ na-edozi ahụ karịa osikapa agba aja aja.

Kedu ihe ọzọ, dabere na ọdịdị gị na mmasị gị, ị nwere ike ịmaghị osikapa achicha. Tụnyere nro, nke nnyapade udidi na ìhè, bland uto nke osikapa ọcha, ọ siri ike ma chewy na a dịtụ ike flavor - ezie na ọ bụghị dị ike dị ka osikapa agba aja aja ().

Iji maa atụ, ọ ga-esiri anyị ike iji mkpụrụ osisi ga-eri nri pụrụ iche, nke osikapa a mịrị amị, ma e jiri ya tụnyere mkpo osikapa na-acha ọcha mgbe niile.

Nri osikapa na-ewe obere oge iji sie nri. Ọ bụ ezie na osikapa ọcha na-eme ka ihe dị ka minit 15-20, parboiled na-ewe ihe dị ka nkeji 25. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, nke a bụ ihe na-erughị nkeji 45-50 maka osikapa agba aja aja.

E wezụga ọdịnaya ya na-edozi ahụ nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere osikapa agba aja aja, ọghọm ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịmịpụta osikapa na-atọ ụtọ na ụdị dị iche iche, yana obere oge iji sie nri karịa osikapa ọcha mgbe niile.

Isi okwu

Parboiled (gbanwere) osikapa na-parụ preked ke ya hk, nke na-ejigide ụfọdụ nri n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ furu efu n'oge nụchaa.

Ọ nwere ike ịbara ahụ ike na mmetụta shuga ọbara na-erughị osikapa ma ọ bụ ọcha osikapa.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, n'agbanyeghị osikapa a na-esi nri esighị ike karịa osikapa na-acha ọcha mgbe niile, osikapa agba aja aja ka bụ nhọrọ kacha enye ume.