Sweeteners - sugar edochi

Ihe ndi ozo bu ihe eji eme ihe na ihe ndi ozo na sugar (sucrose) ma obu sugar alcohols. A pụkwara ịkpọ ha ndị na-atọ ụtọ na-adịghị edozi ahụ (NNS), na ndị na-atọ ụtọ na-abụghị nke caloric.

Ihe ndi ozo nwere ike inyere ndi mmadu aka igha felata. Ha na-enye ihe oriri na ihe ọ drinksụ drinksụ dị ụtọ n’etinyeghi ọtụtụ calorie ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ n’ime ha anaghị enwe obere kalori.

Iji ihe ndị a gbanwere shuga n’ọnọdụ shuga nwere ike inyere gị aka igbochi ire ezé. Ha nwekwara ike inye aka na njikwa shuga ọbara na ndị nwere ọrịa shuga.

Enwere ike itinye ndị nọchiri Sugar na nri mgbe ị na-eri nri. A pụkwara iji ọtụtụ n'oge nri na mmiri. Imirikiti ihe oriri "ndị na-enweghị shuga" ma ọ bụ obere kalori nke ịzụrụ n'ụlọ ahịa ka eji ndị na-edo edo edo.

Ndị a na-ejikarị edozi shuga gụnyere:

Aspartame (Nhata na NutraSweet)

• Nutritive sweetener - nwere calorie, mana ọ dị ezigbo ụtọ, ya mere obere ihe dị mkpa.
• Nchikota amino acid abuo - phenylalanine na aspartic acid.
• Oge 200 dị ụtọ karịa sucrose.
• Nwepu ụtọ ya mgbe ekpughere ya n’ọkụ. A na-eji ya eji ihe ọ beụveraụ na ihe ọveraụveraụ na-aba n’anya karịa ighe mmiri.
• Nyocha nke ọma, ma egosighi mmetụta ọ bụla dị egwu.
• FDA kwadoro. (FDA chọrọ ka nri ndị nwere aspartame ga-ebu nkwupụta ozi maka ndị nwere PKU (phenylketonuria, ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịghị ahụkebe) na-eme ka ha mata banyere ọnụnọ nke phenylalanine.)

Sucralose (Splenda)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ - ọ bụ ma ọ bụ obere calorie dị ala
• Oge 600 dị ụtọ karịa sucrose
• Ejiri ya n'ọtụtụ nri na ihe ọ drinksụ drinksụ, ịta chịngọm, desserts mmiri ara ehi oyi kpọnwụrụ, ngwa nri, na gelatin
• Enwere ike ịgbakwunye na nri na tebụl ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee nri
• FDA kwadoro

Saccharin (’tọ ’N Low, Ttọ Ejima, NectaSweet)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ
• Oge 200 ruo 700 dị ụtọ karịa sucrose
• Ejiri ya n'ọtụtụ nri na ihe ọ andụ drinksụ
• Nwere ike ịnwe uto ilu ma ọ bụ nke dara na mmiri mmiri ụfọdụ
• Ejighi ya esi nri na mmiri
• FDA kwadoro

Stevia (Truvia, Via Dị Ọcha, Anyịnya Anyanwụ)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ.
• Mere site na osisi Stevia rebaudiana, nke etolitere maka akwụkwọ ya dị ụtọ.
• A na-anabata Rebaudiana wepụ dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri. A na-ewere ya dị ka mgbakwunye nri.
• N'ozuzu ghọtara dị ka mma (GRAS) site FDA.

Acesulfame K (Sunett na Onetọ Onye)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ
• Oge 200 dị ụtọ karịa shuga
• Okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike, enwere ike iji ya esi nri na mmiri
• Enwere ike ịgbakwunye nri na tebụl
• Ejikọtara ya na ihe ụtọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka saccharin, na ihe ọveraụveraụ ndị nwere obere kalori na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ
• Otutu yiri okpokoro okpokoro na uto na udidi
• FDA kwadoro

Neotame (Aha ọhụrụ)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ
• Oge 7,000 ka 13,000 dị ụtọ karịa shuga
• Ejiri ya n'ọtụtụ nri na ihe ọ andụ drinksụ
• Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe
• Ji dị ka tabletop sweetener
• FDA kwadoro

Mkpụrụ Monk (Luo Han Guo)

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ
• Mkpụrụ osisi monk sitere na mkpụrụ osisi, ahịhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-eto eto na ndịda China
• Oge 100 na 250 dị ụtọ karịa sucrose
• Okpomoku na-ekpo ọkụ ma nwee ike iji ya na mmiri na isi nri ma sie ike karịa shuga (¼ teaspoon ma ọ bụ gram 0,5 hara nhata nke 1 teaspoon ma ọ bụ 2.5 gram shuga)
• N'ozuzu ghọtara dị ka mma (GRAS) site FDA

Advantame

• Nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ
• Oge 20,000 dị ụtọ karịa shuga
• Ejiri ya dị ka ihe na-atọ ụtọ izugbe na ọ na-eme ka okpomọkụ sie ike, yabụ enwere ike iji ya mee ihe
• A naghị ejikarị ya
• FDA kwadoro

Ndị mmadụ na-ajụkarị ajụjụ gbasara nchekwa na ahụike nke ihe ndị na-edochi anya shuga. Emere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe na ndị na-agbanwe shuga a kwadoro na FDA, egosikwa na ha enweghị nchekwa. Dabere na ọmụmụ ihe ndị a, FDA na-ekwu na ha dị mma maka ojiji maka ọha mmadụ.

Aspartame anaghị akwado ndị PKU. Ahụ ha enweghị ike imebi otu amino acid ejiri mee aspartame.

Enwere obere ihe akaebe iji kwado ma ọ bụ izere ihe ndị na-agbanwe shuga n'oge ime ime. FDA-mma sweeteners dị mma iji na imeru ihe n'ókè. Agbanyeghị, Medicallọ Ọrụ Ahụike America na-atụ aro ịzere saccharin n'oge afọ ime n'ihi enwere ike ịhapụ nwa ebu n'afọ ngwa ngwa.

FDA na-edozi ihe niile a na-ere shuga nke a na-ere ma ọ bụ jiri mee nri dị na United States. FDA edoziwo ihe oriri a na-anabata kwa ụbọchị (ADI). Nke a bụ ego mmadụ ga-eri n’udo kwa ụbọchị n’oge ndụ ya niile. Otutu mmadu na eri kariri ADI.

Na 2012, American Heart Association na American Diabetes Association bipụtara akụkọ nke kwubiri na iji ezi uche jiri shuga edochi nwere ike inye aka belata nri caloric na carbohydrate. A chọkwuru nyocha. Enweghi ihe akaebe zuru oke n'oge a iji chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na iji shuga mee ihe na-eduga na ọnwụ ma ọ bụ obere ọrịa obi.

Akwa-sie ike dị ụtọ; Ndị na-atọ ụtọ na-adịghị edozi ahụ - (NNS); Nri na-edozi ahụ; Ndị na-atọ ụtọ na-anaghị edozi; Uzo ndi ozo

Aronson JK. Wuru ụtọ. Na: Aronson JK, ed. Mmetụta Meyler nke Ọgwụ. Nke 16. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 713-716.

Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Ntugharị SS, et al; Kọmitii Nutrition America American Council nke Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, na American Diabetes Association. Ndị na-atọ ụtọ na-adịghị edozi ahụ: iji ya na echiche ahụike ugbu a: nkwupụta sayensị sitere na American Heart Association na American Diabetes Association. Mgbaghari. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. PMID: 22777177 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Weebụsaịtị National Cancer Institute. Wuru ụtọ na kansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet .Akpukpe Emelitere August 10, 2016. Nabata October 11, 2019.

Ngalaba Ahụike US na Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ US na weebụsaịtị US Department of Agriculture. Ntuziaka nri 2015-2020 maka ndị America. Nke 8th. health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Emelitere December 2015. Nabata October 11, 2019.

Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkwa na ọgwụ na US. Akwa-sie ike. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Emelitere December 19, 2017. Nweta October 11, 2019.

Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkwa na ọgwụ na US. Ozi agbakwunyere banyere ihe dị ụtọ dị ụtọ ekwe ka ejiri mee nri na United States. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states. Emelitere February 8, 2018. Nweta October 11, 2019.