Ọbara mgbali elu na ụmụ aka

Ọbara mgbali elu (ọbara mgbali elu) bụ ịrị elu nke ike nke ọbara megide akwara na ahụ. Edemede a lekwasịrị anya na ọbara mgbali elu na ụmụ aka.

Ọbara mgbali na-atụle etu obi siri arụ ọrụ, yana etu akwara ji arụ ọrụ. Enwere ọnụọgụ abụọ na mmụba ọbara mgbali ọ bụla:

• Nọmba mbụ (n'elu) bụ systolic ọbara mgbali, nke na-atụle ike nke ọbara ewepụtara mgbe obi tie.
• Nọmba nke abụọ (ala) bụ nsogbu diastolic, nke na-atụle nrụgide dị na akwara mgbe obi zuru ike.

Edere nha ọbara obula otu a: 120/80. Otu ma ọ bụ nọmba abụọ a nwere ike ịdị elu.

Ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta ọbara mgbali, gụnyere:

• Hormon
• Ahụike nke obi na arịa ọbara
• Ahụ ike nke akụrụ

Ọbara mgbali elu n’arụ ụmụ aka nwere ike ịbụ n’ihi akụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa obi nke na-adị n’oge ọmụmụ (congenital). Ihe omuma atu dika:

• Coarctation nke aorta (ibelata nnukwu arịa obi nke akpọrọ aorta)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (akwara ọbara n’etiti akwara na akwara ngwara nke kwesịrị imechi mgbe amuchara nwa, mana ọ ghere oghe)
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (ọnọdụ ume nke na-emetụta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ bụ ndị a na-etinye na igwe iku ume mgbe amuchara ha ma ọ bụ ndị amụrụ n'oge)
• Ọrịa akụrụ metụtara anụ ahụ akụrụ
• Kwara akwara stenosis (ibelata isi ọbara arịa nke akụrụ)

N'ime ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, ọbara mgbali elu na-abụkarị ihe kpatara ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime arịa akụrụ akụrụ, ihe mgbagwoju anya nke inwe eriri afọ eriri afọ.

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-ebute ọbara mgbali elu na ụmụ aka nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Medicinesfọdụ ọgwụ
• Igosi na ọgwụ na-akwadoghị dị ka cocaine
• Tumfọdụ etuto
• Ọnọdụ eketa (nsogbu ndị na-esite n'ezinụlọ)
• Nsogbu thyroid

Ọbara na-arị elu mgbe nwa ọhụrụ na-eto. Onu ogugu obara na nwa amuru ohuru bu 64/41. Onu ogugu obara obara nke nwa diri onwa 1 rue 2 bu 95/58. Ọ bụ ihe nkịtị maka nọmba ndị a ịdị iche.

Imirikiti ụmụ ọhụrụ nwere ọbara mgbali elu agaghị enwe ihe mgbaàmà. Kama nke ahụ, ihe mgbaàmà nwere ike ịnwe metụtara ọnọdụ na-ebute ọbara mgbali elu. Mgbaàmà ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Akpụkpọ anụ Bluish
• Enweghi ike ito eto ma buru ibu
• Ugboro ugboro urinary tract ọrịa
• Icha dị ọcha (pallor)
• Na-eku ume ngwa ngwa

Mgbaàmà ndị nwere ike ịpụta ma ọ bụrụ na nwa ahụ nwere ọbara mgbali elu nwere oke gụnyere:

• Iwe
• Ọdịdọ
• Nsogbu iku ume
• Akpịrị

N’ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, nanị ihe mgbaàmà nke ọbara mgbali elu bụ mmụba ọbara mgbali n’onwe ya.

Ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbara mgbali elu dị ukwuu gụnyere:

• Obi mgbawa
• Akụrụ ọdịda
• Otutu usu

A na-eji ngwa ọrụ akpaka atụ ọbara mgbali elu ụmụ ọhụrụ.

Ọ bụrụ na coarctation nke aorta bụ ihe kpatara ya, enwere ike ịbelata okpokoro ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali na ụkwụ. Enwere ike ịnụ pịa ma ọ bụrụ na valvụ aicic bicuspid na-apụta na coarctation.

Nyocha ndị ọzọ na ụmụ aka nwere ọbara mgbali elu ga-anwa ịchọta ihe kpatara nsogbu ahụ. Ule dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Nnyocha ụlọ nyocha, gụnyere nyocha ọbara na nke mamịrị
• X-ray nke obi ma ọ bụ afọ
• Ultrasounds, tinyere ultrasound nke obi na-arụ ọrụ (echocardiogram) na nke akụrụ
• MRI nke arịa ọbara
• Xdị x-ray pụrụ iche nke na-eji agba agba iji lee arịa ọbara (angiography)

Ọgwụgwọ dabere n'ihe kpatara ọbara mgbali elu na nwa ọhụrụ. Ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Dialysis ịgwọ ọdịda akụrụ
• Ọgwụ iji belata ọbara mgbali ma ọ bụ nyere aka obi mgbapụta nke ọma
• Gerywa ahụ (gụnyere ịwa ahụ transplantation ma ọ bụ mmezi nke coarctation)

Wellzọ nwatakịrị si eme nke ọma dabere n’ihe kpatara ọbara mgbali elu na ihe ndị ọzọ dịka:

• Nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ dị na nwa ọhụrụ
• Ma mmebi (dị ka mmebi akụrụ) emeela n'ihi ọbara mgbali elu

N'enyeghị ọgwụgwọ, ọbara mgbali elu nwere ike iduga:

• Obi ma ọ bụ akụrụ odida
• Organ mmebi
• Ọdịdọ

Kpọọ onye nlekọta ahụike gị ma nwa gị:

• Okpu ito eto ma buo ibu
• Nwere bluish akpụkpọ
• Na-arịa ọrịa urinary ugboro ugboro
• O yiri ka obu iwe
• Taya mfe

Kuru nwa gi na ngalaba mberede ma oburu na nwa gi:

• Nwere ọdịdọ
• Anaghi azaghachi
• Na-agbọ agbọ mgbe niile

Fọdụ ihe na-akpata ọbara mgbali elu na-ebute n'ezinụlọ. Gwa onye na-enye gị ọrụ tupu ị tụrụ ime ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere akụkọ ntolite ezinụlọ:

• Ọrịa afọ ime
• Ọbara mgbali elu
• Ọrịa akụrụ

Gwakwara onye na-enye gị ọrụ tupu ị tụrụ ime ma ọ bụrụ na ị takeụọ ọgwụ maka nsogbu ahụike. Ngosipụta nke ọgwụ ụfọdụ n’afọ nwere ike ime ka ohere nwa gị nwee nsogbu nke ịmalite nsogbu ndị nwere ike ibute ọbara mgbali elu.

Ọbara mgbali elu - ụmụ aka

• Akpukpo akwa ogwu
• Coarctation nke aorta

Flynn JT. Neonatal ọbara mgbali. Na: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Ọrịa Avery nke Nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ. Nke iri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isi nke 93.

Macumber IR, Flynn JT. Ọbara mgbali elu sistem. Na: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Ọrịa edimụaka. 21nke. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 472.

Sinha MD, Reid C. Ọbara mgbali elu. Na: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, eds. Anderson’s Ọrịa edimụaka Cardiology. Agba nke anọ. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 60.