Ọgwụgwụ

Endoscopy bụ ụzọ nke na-elegharị anya n'ime ahụ na-eji tube na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere obere igwefoto yana ọkụ na nsọtụ ya. A na-akpọ ihe a endoscope.

Enwere ike itinye obere ngwaọrụ site na endoscope wee jiri:

• Lelee anya nke ọma n'akụkụ dị n'ime ahụ
• Were ihe atụ nke anụ ahụ na-adịghị mma
• Na-agwọ ọrịa ụfọdụ
• Wepu etuto
• Kwụsị ịgba ọbara
• Wepu aru ndi ozo (dika nri nke akpiri na akpiri, eriri nke jikoro akpiri gi na afo)

A na-esi endoscope gafere mmeghe anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ obere mkpụ. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị endoscopes. A na-akpọ nke ọ bụla aha dịka akụkụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ha na-eji enyocha.

Nkwadebe maka usoro a dịgasị iche dabere na ule ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ dịghị nkwadebe dị mkpa maka anoscopy. Mana nri pụrụ iche na laxatives dị mkpa iji kwadebe maka colonoscopy. Soro ntuziaka nke onye nlekọta ahụike gị.

Nlere ule niile a nwere ike ibute ahụ erughị ala ma ọ bụ ihe mgbu. A na-eme ụfọdụ mgbe enyere ọgwụ mgbochi na ọgwụ mgbu. Lelee onye na-eweta gị ihe ị ga-atụ anya ya.

A na-eme ule endoscopy ọ bụla maka ebumnuche dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị endoscopy enyocha ma na-emeso akụkụ nke akụkụ nri nri, dị ka:

• Anoscopy na-ahụ ihe dị n'ime mkpịsị ụkwụ, akụkụ kachasị ala nke eriri afọ.
• Nnyocha a na-ahụ anya n’ime eriri afọ (eriri afọ) na eriri afọ.
• Enteroscopy na-ahụ eriri afọ (obere eriri afọ).
• ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) na-elele biliary tract, obere akpa na-agbapụta gallbladder, imeju, na pancreas.
• Sigmoidoscopy na-ahụ n'ime akụkụ ala nke colon a na-akpọ colon sigmoid na rectum.
• Endoscopy dị elu (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, ma ọ bụ EGD) na-ele anya na ikpuchi nke akpịrị, afọ, na akụkụ mbụ nke eriri afọ nke obere (akpọrọ duodenum)
• A na-eji Bronchoscopy eleba anya na ikuku (windpipe, ma ọ bụ trachea) na ngụgụ.
• A na-eji ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka a hụ ihe dị n’ime eriri afọ ya. Enwere akuku a site na mmeghe ure.
• A na-eji laparoscopy lee anya na ovaries, ngwa, ma ọ bụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke afọ. A na-etinye akụkụ ya site na obere ịwa ahụ na mpaghara pelvic ma ọ bụ afọ. A pụrụ iwepụ etuto ma ọ bụ akụkụ akụkụ afọ ma ọ bụ pelvis.

A na-eji Arthroscopy lee anya na nkwonkwo, dịka ikpere. A na-etinye ohere ahụ site na obere ịwa ahụ gburugburu nkwonkwo. Enwere ike ịgwọ nsogbu na ọkpụkpụ, akwara, ligaments.

Nnwale endoscopy ọ bụla nwere ihe egwu dị na ya. Onye na-enye gị ga-akọwara gị ihe ndị a tupu ị gawa n’usoro ahụ.

• Nnyocha

Carlson SM, Goldberg J, Lentz GM. Endoscopy: hysteroscopy na laparoscopy: ihe ngosi, contraindications, na nsogbu. Na: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. Gynecology zuru ezu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isi 10.

Phillips BB. Principleskpụrụ n'ozuzu nke ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo. Na: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Canale ST, eds. Belllọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọkpụkpụ Campbell. Nke 13. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isi 49.

Onyinye Ikechukwu Nkwadebe maka na nsogbu nke GI endoscopy. Na: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger na Ọrịa Cancer nke Fordtran na Ọrịa Imeju: Pathophysiology / Diagnosis / Management. Nke iri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 41.

Yung RC, Nkịtị PW. Traosobronchial endoscopy. Na: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Ọkpụkpụ Cummings Otolaryngology: &wa Ahụ & olu. Nke isii. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isi nke 72.