Fusion nke ọkpọ ntị

Fusion nke ọkpụkpụ ntị bụ njikọ nke ọkpụkpụ nke etiti ntị. Ndi a bu incus, malleus, na okpukpu ukwu. Ntughari ma ọ bụ idozi ọkpụkpụ na-eduga na nkwụsị ntị, n'ihi na ọkpụkpụ adịghị agagharị ma na-ama jijiji na mmeghachi omume nke ebili mmiri.

Isiokwu ndị metụtara ya:

• Ọrịa ntị na-adịghị ala ala
• Otosclerosis
• Etinye ntị na ntị

• Ntị ahụ
• Ihe nchoputa ogwu nke gbadoro ukwu na nti

Jlọ JW, Cunningham CD. Otosclerosis. Na: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, ndị ọzọ. Ọkpụkpụ Cummings Otolaryngology: &wa Ahụ & olu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isi 146.

O'Handley JG, Tobin EJ, Shah AR. Otorhinolaryngology. Na: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Ezinaụlọ. Agba nke 9. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi 18.

Prueter JC, Teasley RA, Ndabere DD. Clinical ntule na ịwa ahụ ọgwụgwọ conductive ntị ọnwụ. Na: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, ndị ọzọ. Ọkpụkpụ Cummings Otolaryngology: &wa Ahụ & olu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isi nke 145.

Rivero A, Yoshikawa N. Otosclerosis. Na: Myers EN, Snyderman CH, eds. Isi na ịwa ahụ n'olu. Nke atọ ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isi 133.