Parathyroid hyperplasia

Parathyroid hyperplasia bụ ịbawanye nke 4 niile parathyroid glands. Akụkụ parathyroid dị na olu, nso ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'akụkụ azụ nke gland thyroid.

The parathyroid glands na-enyere aka ịchịkwa iji calcium na mwepụ site na ahụ. Ha na-eme nke a site na imepụta hormone parathyroid (PTH). PTH na - enyere aka igbochi calcium, phosphorus, na vitamin D n’ọbara ma ọ dịkwa mkpa maka ọkpụkpụ dị mma.

Parathyroid hyperplasia nwere ike ịpụta na ndị mmadụ na-enweghị akụkọ ntolite ezinụlọ nke ọrịa ahụ, ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke ọrịa syndromes nke 3:

• Otutu endocrine neoplasia I (M M)
• MEN IIA
• Ezigbo ezinụlọ bụ hyperparathyroidism

N’ebe ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa a ketara eketa, a na-ebufe ezinụlọ site n’ọbara gbanwere (mutated). Naanị ihe ị ga - eme bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke otu nne na nna iji mepee ọnọdụ ahụ.

• Na MEN M, nsogbu dị na parathyroid glands na-eme, yana etuto dị na gland na pancreas.
• Na MEN IIA, oke ọrụ nke parathyroid glands na-apụta, yana etuto dị na adrenal ma ọ bụ thyroid gland.

Parathyroid hyperplasia nke na-abụghị akụkụ nke ọrịa a ketara eketa bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ọ na - eme n'ihi ọnọdụ ahụike ndị ọzọ. Ọnọdụ ndị kachasị nwee ike ibute hyperplasia parathyroid bụ ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala na ụkọ vitamin D na-adịghị ala ala. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, akụkụ parathyroid na-ebuwanye ibu n'ihi na vitamin D na calcium dị obere.

Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Ọkpụkpụ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ mgbu ọkpụkpụ
• Afọ ntachi
• Enweghị ume
• Mgbu mgbu
• Ọgbụgbọ

A ga-anwale ule ọbara iji lelee ogo nke:

• Kalsiyal
• Site
• Magnesium
• PTH
• Vitamin D
• Ọrụ akụrụ (Creatinine, BUN)

Enwere ike ịme nnwale mamịrị nke oge 24 iji chọpụta ókè a na-ekpochapụ calcium n'ime ahụ n'ime mmamịrị.

Ọkpụkpụ ụzarị ọkụ na ule njupụta ọkpụkpụ (DXA) nwere ike inyere aka ịchọpụta mgbawa, ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ, na ịkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ. Enwere ike ịme nyocha Ultrasound na CT iji lelee parathyroid glands n'olu.

Ọ bụrụ na hyperplasia parathyroid bụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ ma ọ bụ obere vitamin D dị elu ma achọta ya n'oge, onye na-eweta gị nwere ike ịkwado ka ị were vitamin D, ọgwụ ndị yiri vitamin D, na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ.

A na-ejikarị ịwa ahụ mgbe parathyroid glands na-emepụta PTH nke ukwuu ma na-akpata mgbaàmà. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ewepụ glands 3 1/2. Enwere ike ịkụnye anụ ahụ fọdụrụ na nkwonkwo ihu ma ọ bụ n'olu. Nke a na - enye ohere ịnweta anụ ahụ dị mfe ma ọ bụrụ na mgbaàmà abịaghachi. A na-etinyere anụ ahụ a iji gbochie ahụ inwe obere PTH, nke nwere ike ibute obere calcium (site na hypoparathyroidism).

Mgbe ịwachara ahụ, ogo calcium dị elu nwere ike ịdịgide ma ọ bụ laghachi. Surwa ahụ nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata hypoparathyroidism, nke na-eme ka ọkwa calcium n'ọbara dị oke ala.

Parathyroid hyperplasia nwere ike ibute hyperparathyroidism, nke na - ebute mmụba n'ọbara calcium.

Nsogbu ndị ahụ gụnyere ịba ụba calcium na akụrụ, nke nwere ike ibute nkume akụrụ, na osteitis fibrosa cystica (ebe dị nro, nke na-esighị ike na ọkpụkpụ).

Surwa ahụ nwere ike imebi akwara na-achịkwa akwara ụda olu oge ụfọdụ. Nke a nwere ike imetụta ike olu gị.

Nsogbu nwere ike ịpụta site na etuto ndị ọzọ bụ akụkụ nke ọrịa MEN.

Kpọọ onye na-eweta gị ma ọ bụrụ:

• Have nwere ihe mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke hypercalcemia
• Have nwere akụkọ gbasara ezinụlọ gbasara ọrịa MEN

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere akụkọ gbasara ezinụlọ gbasara ọrịa MEN, ị nwere ike chọọ nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iji chọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịghị mma. Ndị nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe na-adịghị mma nwere ike ịnwale ule nyocha oge niile iji chọpụta mgbaàmà ọ bụla mbụ.

Enwekwuo gland parathyroid; Osteoporosis - hyperplasia nke parathyroid; Ọkpụkpụ thinning - parathyroid hyperplasia; Osteopenia - parathyroid hyperplasia; Akwa ọkwa calcium - parathyroid hyperplasia; Ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala - parathyroid hyperplasia; Akụrụ akụrụ - parathyroid hyperplasia; Overactive parathyroid - parathyroid na-akpata hyperplasia

• Ọgwụ endocrine
• Parathyroid glands

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Nchịkwa nke ọrịa parathyroid. Na: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, ndị ọzọ. Cummings Otolaryngology: Headwa Ahụ na olu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isi 123.

Thakker RV. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia na hypocalcemia. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 232.