Plasenta afọ ime - nkọwa

Plasenta bụ akụkụ na - ekesa nri na oxygen nwa n’afọ. Mmetụta placental na-apụta mgbe placenta si na mgbidi nke akpa nwa pụta (akpanwa) tupu nnyefe. Ihe mgbaàmà kachasị amara bụ ọbara ọgbụgba na mgbu mgbu. Enwere ike metụta ọbara na ikuku oxygen na-enye nwa ahụ, na-ebute nsogbu nwa ebu n'afọ. A naghị amata ihe kpatara ya, mana ọbara mgbali elu, ọrịa shuga, ị smokingụ sịga, cocaine ma ọ bụ ị alcoholụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, mmerụ ahụ nke nne, na ịmụ ọtụtụ afọ na-abawanye ohere maka ọnọdụ ahụ. Ọgwụgwọ dabere na oke ọnọdụ a nwere ike ịmalite site na ụra ezumike gaa na mpaghara C-mberede.

Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum na ọbara ọgbụgba ọbara. Na: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabst’s Obstetrics: Mmekọahụ na Nsogbu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isi nke 18.

Hull AD, Resnik R, ọla ọcha RM. Placenta previa na accreta, vasa previa, ọbara ọgbụgba subchorionic, na abruptio placentae. Na: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, eds. Nkà Mmụta Nne na Nwa nke Creasy na Resnik: Prinkpụrụ na Omume. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isi 46.

Salhi BA, Nagrani S. Nnukwu nsogbu nke afọ ime. Na: Mgbidi RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Ngwọta Mberede nke Rosen: Echiche na usoro ọgwụgwọ. Agba nke 9. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isi 178.