Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism bụ nsogbu nke parathyroid glands n'olu anaghị ewepụta hormone parathyroid zuru oke (PTH).

Enwere obere gland parathyroid dị 4 n'olu, dị nso ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'akụkụ azụ nke gland thyroid.

The parathyroid glands na-enyere aka ịchịkwa iji calcium na mwepụ site na ahụ. Ha na-eme nke a site na imepụta hormone parathyroid (PTH). PTH na - enyere aka igbochi calcium, phosphorus, na vitamin D n’ọbara na n’ọkpụkpụ.

Hypoparathyroidism na-eme mgbe glands na-emepụta obere PTH. Ọbara calcium n'ọbara na-ada, na ọkwa site na elu.

Ihe kachasị akpata hypoparathyroidism bụ mmerụ ahụ na parathyroid glands n'oge ịwa ahụ thyroid ma ọ bụ n'olu. O nwekwara ike ịbụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a:

• Mgbapu onwe onye na parathyroid glands (nkịtị)
• Ọkwa magnesium dị ala na ọbara (nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe)
• Ọgwụ iodine nke redioactive maka hyperthyroidism (dị obere)

Ọrịa DiGeorge bụ ọrịa nke hypoparathyroidism na-eme n'ihi na akụkụ parathyroid niile na-efu na ọmụmụ. Ọrịa a gụnyere nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ na-abụghị hypoparathyroidism. A na-ahụkarị ya na nwata.

Hypoparathyroidism nke ezinụlọ na-ebute ọrịa ndị ọzọ endocrine dị ka adrenal insufficiency na ọrịa a na-akpọ ụdị I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Mmalite nke ọrịa dị nwayọ nwayọ na mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị nwayọ nwayọ. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ chọpụtara na hypoparathyroidism nwere ọrịa mgbaàmà ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu a chọpụta ha. Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịdị obere nke na a na-eme nchoputa ahụ mgbe nyochachara nyocha ọbara na-egosi obere calcium.

Mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a:

• Tingling egbugbere ọnụ, mkpịsị aka, na mkpịsị ụkwụ (kacha)
• Akwara cramps (ọtụtụ nkịtị)
• Ọkpụkpụ akwara a na-akpọ tetany (nwere ike imetụta nkọlọ, na-akpata nsogbu iku ume)
• Ime mgbu
• Uche ndi ozo
• Ntughari ntu
• Cataracts
• Mkpụrụ ego calcium na anụ ahụ ụfọdụ
• Mbelata nke uche
• Akọrọ ntutu
• Akọrọ, akpụkpọ anụ
• Mgbu na ihu, ụkwụ, na ụkwụ
• Ahụhụ nwoke na-egbu mgbu
• Ọdịdọ
• Ezé na-eto eto n’oge, ma ọ bụ ma ọlị
• Enweghi ike ime ezé (n'ime ụmụaka)

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ ma jụọ maka ihe mgbaàmà.

Ule a ga - eme gụnyere:

• PTH ule ọbara
• Nyocha Calcium
• Magnesium
• 24-awa mmamịrị ule

Nyocha ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnye iwu gụnyere:

• ECG iji chọpụta maka ihe na-adịghị mma n’obi obi
• CT i toomi iji chọpụta ihe calcium na-etinye na ụbụrụ

Ebumnuche nke ọgwụgwọ bụ iji belata mgbaàmà ma weghachite calcium na mineral na-edozi ahụ.

Ọgwụgwọ gụnyere calcium carbonate na mgbakwunye vitamin D. A na-emerịrị ndị a maka ndụ. A na-atụle ọkwa ọbara mgbe niile iji jide n'aka na ọgwụ ahụ ziri ezi. A na-atụ aro maka calcium dị elu, obere nri-phosphorous.

Injections nke PTH nwere ike ịkwado ụfọdụ ndị. Dọkịta gị nwere ike ịgwa gị ma ọgwụ a ọ dị mma maka gị.

A na-enye ndị nwere ọgụ na-eyi ndụ egwu nke obere ọkwa calcium ma ọ bụ mgbatị ahụ ogologo oge site na akwara (IV). A na-akpachapụ anya iji gbochie njide ma ọ bụ spary spa. A na - enyocha obi ka ọ bụrụ n’abụghị arụ dị iche iche rue mgbe mmadụ kwụsiri ike. Mgbe a na-achịkwa ọgụ ahụ na-eyi ndụ egwu, ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu site na ọgwụ a na-ewere n'ọnụ.

Ihe ga-esi na ya pụta ga-adị mma ma ọ bụrụ na nchoputa amalite n'oge. Mana mgbanwe nke ezé, cataracts, na ụbụrụ nke ụbụrụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe na ụmụaka ndị na-amaghị hypoparathyroidism n'oge mmepe.

Hypoparathyroidism nke ụmụaka nwere ike ibute uto na ezighi ezi, ezé ezé, na obere ọgụgụ isi.

Nnukwu ọgwụgwọ na vitamin D na calcium nwere ike ibute calcium ọbara (hypercalcemia) ma ọ bụ calcium mmamịrị dị elu (hypercalciuria). Treatment treatmentụbiga ọgwụgwọ ókè mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike igbochi ọrụ akụrụ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna kpatara ọdịda akụrụ.

Hypoparathyroidism na-eme ka ohere nke:

• Ọrịa Addison (naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe kpatara ya bụ autoimmune)
• Cataracts
• Ọrịa Parkinson
• Pernicious anaemia (naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ihe kpatara ya bụ autoimmune)

Kpọọ onye na-eweta gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị mepee mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke hypoparathyroidism.

Ọdịdọ ma ọ bụ nsogbu iku ume bụ ihe mberede. Kpọọ 911 ma ọ bụ nọmba mberede obodo ozugbo.

Paraporoid metụtara hypocalcemia

• Ọgwụ endocrine
• Parathyroid glands

Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, et al. Epidemiology na nchoputa nke hypoparathyroidism. J Ọgwụ Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. PMID: 26943720 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26943720/.

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Nchịkwa nke ọrịa parathyroid. Na: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, ndị ọzọ. Cummings Otolaryngolog: gerywa Ahụ na olu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: Isi 123.

Thakker RV.The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia na hypocalcemia. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 232.