Ọrịa ili

Ọrịa ili bụ nsogbu autoimmune nke na - eduga na nrụrụ thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Ọrịa autoimmune bụ ọnọdụ na-adị mgbe usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ wee mebie anụ ahụ ike.

The thyroid gland bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro endocrine. Ọ gland dị n'ihu olu n'olu ebe akwa olu na-ezute. Gland a na-ewepụta homonụ thyroxine (T4) na triiodothyronine (T3), nke na-achịkwa metabolism. Rollingchịkwa metabolism dị mkpa maka ịchịkwa ọnọdụ, ịdị arọ, na ogo ike mmụọ na nke anụ ahụ.

Mgbe aru na-eme oke ogwu thyroid, a na-akpọ ọnọdụ ahụ hyperthyroidism. (Ọkpụkpụ thyroid na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na-eduga na hypothyroidism.)

Ọrịa ili bụ ihe kachasị akpata hyperthyroidism. Ọ bụ n'ihi nzaghachi nke usoro ahụ ji adịghị mma nke na-eme ka gland thyroid mepụta oke mmiri ọgwụ thyroid. Ọrịa graves na-ahụkarị ụmụ nwanyị karịrị afọ 20. Mana nsogbu a nwere ike ịda n'oge ọ bụla ma nwee ike imetụta ụmụ nwoke.

Ndị na-eto eto nwere ike inwe mgbaàmà ndị a:

• Nchegbu ma ọ bụ ụjọ, yana nsogbu ihi ụra
• Ara ịmụba amụba na ụmụ nwoke (ga-ekwe omume)
• Nsogbu itinye uche
• Ike ọgwụgwụ
• Mmeghari afọ
• Ntutu ntutu
• Okpomọkụ ekweghị ibe nọrọ na ụba sweating
• Enwekwu agụụ, n’agbanyeghi na ị nwere ibu ibu
• Oge ezumike oge ụfọdụ na ụmụ nwanyị
• Ike adịghị ike nke úkwù na ubu
• Udo, tinyere mgbakasi na iwe
• Palpitations (mmetụta nke a siri ike ma ọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ obi otiti)
  
• Otito ma ọ bụ oge ufodu obi otiti
• Iku ume ọkụ ọkụ na ọrụ
• Remjọ (aka nke aka)

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere ọrịa ili nwere nsogbu n'anya ha:

• Eyelling anya nwere ike dị ka onye na-apụta apụ ma nwee ike na-egbu mgbu.
• Anya nwere ike na-ewe iwe, na-agbakwunye ma ọ bụ na-adọka ugboro ugboro.
• Ọhụhụ ụzọ abụọ nwere ike ịdị.
• Mbelata ọhụụ na mmebi nke cornea nwekwara ike ime n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike.

Ndị agadi nwere ike inwe mgbaàmà ndị a:

• Otito ma ọ bụ oge ufodu obi otiti
• Obi mgbu
• Icheta ncheta ma ọ bụ mgbatị na-ebelata
• Ike na ike ọgwụgwụ

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ ma nwee ike ịchọpụta na ị nwere ụba obi. Nyocha nke olu gị nwere ike ịchọpụta na gland gị na-ebuwanye ibu (goiter).

Ule ndị ọzọ gụnyere:

• Nyocha ọbara iji tụọ ọkwa nke TSH, T3 na T4 n'efu
• Iri iodine na-arụ ọrụ na redio

Ọrịa a nwekwara ike imetụta nsonaazụ nnwale ndị a:

• Nyocha CT ma ọ bụ ultrasound
• Thyroid na-akpali akpali immunoglobulin (TSI)
• Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mgbochi
• Anti-TSH ihe nnata antibody (TRAb)

Ọgwụgwọ bụ iji chịkwaa thyroid ị na-arụ ọrụ. Ọgwụ ndị a na-akpọ beta-blockers na-ejikarị agwọ mgbaàmà nke ngwa ngwa obi, ọsụsọ, na nchegbu ruo mgbe a na-achịkwa hyperthyroidism.

A na-emeso Hyperthyroidism otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a:

• Ọgwụ Antithyroid nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ gbanwee etu thyroid si eji iodine eme ihe. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a na-achịkwa gland thyroid gland tupu ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ redioiodine ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ dị ogologo oge.
• Radioiodine ọgwụ nke a na-enye ayodiin na-esi n'ọnụ. Ọ na-etinyezi uche na anụ ahụ nke na-eme ka ọ dị ike ma na-emebi.
• Enwere ike ịwa ahụ iji wepụ thyroid.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nweela ọgwụgwọ iodine ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ na-acha ọbara ọbara, ọ ga-adị gị mkpa iji homonụ thyroid na-agbanwe n'oge ndụ gị niile. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọgwụgwọ ndị a na-ebibi ma ọ bụ wepu gland.

Ọgwụgwọ nke anya

Fọdụ nsogbu anya nke metụtara ọrịa Graves na-akawanye mma mgbe a gwọchara ya na ọgwụ, radieshon, ma ọ bụ ịwa ahụ iji gwọọ thyroid. Ọgwụ Radioiodine nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ ime ka nsogbu anya ka njọ. Nsogbu anya na-akawanye njọ na ndị na-ese anwụrụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe a gwọchara hyperthyroidism.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-achọ ọgwụ ị na - eji ọgwụ (steroid nke na - egbochi sistemu ọgụ) iji belata mgbakasị anya na ọzịza.

Nwere ike mkpa teepu anya gị mechiri n'abalị iji gbochie ihicha. Ugogbe anya anwụ na anya mmiri nwere ike belata mgbakasị anya. N'ọnọdụ ndị na-adịkarịghị, enwere ike ịwa ahụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ radieshon (dị iche na redioiodine iodine) iji gbochie mmebi nke anya na nhụhụhụhụ ọhụụ.

Ọrịa ili na-ekwukarị ọgwụgwọ. Surgerywa ahụ nke thyroid ma ọ bụ iodine redioactive na-emekarị ka thyroid na-adịghị arụ ọrụ (hypothyroidism). Enweghi usoro ogwu onodu nke ogwu ogwu gi, hypothyroidism nwere ike iduga:

• Nsogbu
• Ume nke uche na nke aru
• Ibu ibu
• Akọrọ akpụkpọ
• Afọ ntachi
• Ekweghi ndidi
• Oge ọhụụ nke ụmụ nwanyị

Kpọọ onye na-eweta gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ili. Kpọọkwa ma ọ bụrụ na nsogbu anya gị ma ọ bụ mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ na-akawanye njọ ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị emeziwanye ọgwụgwọ.

Gaa na ụlọ mberede ma ọ bụ kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara (dịka 911) ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mgbaàmà nke hyperthyroidism yana:

• Belata nsụhọ
• Ahụ ọkụ
• Otito, oge ufodu obi otiti
• Mberede iku ume

Kesaa onye na-elekọta gị; Hyperthyroidism - Ili; Thyrotoxicosis - Ili; Exophthalmos - Ili; Ophthalmopathy - Ili; Exophthalmia - Ili; Exorbitism - Ili

• Ọgwụ endocrine
• Enba ụba nke thyroid - scintiscan
• Ọrịa ili
• Gland gland

Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Nsogbu Hyperthyroid. Na: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Golfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Williams nke Endocrinology. Nke iri na anọ. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 12.

Jonklaas J, Cooper DS. Thyroid. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 213.

Marcdante KJ, Kleigman RM. Ọrịa thyroid. Na: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, eds. Nelson dị mkpa nke Pediatrics. 8th ed. Onye ozo; 2019: isi 175.

Marino M, Vitti P, Chiovato L. Graves ọrịa. Na: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, ndị ọzọ. Endocrinology: Okenye na Ọrịa edimụaka. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 82.

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Ọzọ Nchịkọta 2016 American Thyroid Association maka nyocha na njikwa nke hyperthyroidism na ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. PMID: 27521067 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.