PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Ule

Ndinaya

• Kedu ihe nyocha PDL1?
• Kedu ihe eji ya?
• Kedu ihe kpatara m ji chọọ nyocha PDL1?
• Kedu ihe na - eme n'oge ule PDL1?
• Ọ dị m mkpa ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwadebe maka ule ahụ?
• Onwere ihe egwu di n’ule a?
• Kedu ihe nsonaazụ ahụ pụtara?
• Onwere ihe ozo ichoro ima banyere PDL1 ule?
• Ntughari

Kedu ihe nyocha PDL1?

Nnwale a tụrụ ọtụtụ PDL1 na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa. PDL1 bụ protein nke na-enyere aka igbochi mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweghị ike ịwakpo sel ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ n'ime ahụ. Dị ka ọ dị, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-alụ ọgụ maka ihe ndị si mba ọzọ dị ka nje na nje bacteria, ọ bụghịkwa sel nke gị. Cellsfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ kansa nwere nnukwu PDL1. Nke a na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ cancer nwee ike “iduhie” usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ma zere ịbụ onye a wakporo dị ka ndị mba ọzọ, ndị na-emerụ ahụ.

Ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụ ndụ kansa gị nwere nnukwu PDL1, ị nwere ike irite uru na ọgwụgwọ akpọrọ immunotherapy. Immunotherapy bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ nke na-eme ka sistemu gị ji alụ ọgụ na-enyere ya aka ịmata na ịlụ ọgụ megide mkpụrụ ndụ kansa. Immunotherapy egosila na ọ dị oke irè n'ịgwọ ụfọdụ ụdị ọrịa kansa. Ọ na-enwekarị mmetụta dị ole na ole karịa usoro ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa ndị ọzọ.

Aha ndị ọzọ: 1, PD-LI, PDL-1, nke e mere site na immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Kedu ihe eji ya?

A na-eji nyocha PDL1 chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ọrịa kansa nke nwere ike irite uru na immunotherapy.

Kedu ihe kpatara m ji chọọ nyocha PDL1?

Nwere ike ịchọ nyocha PDL1 ma ọ bụrụ na achọpụtala na otu n'ime ọrịa cancer ndị a:

• Ọrịa cancer akpa ume na-abụghị obere
• Melanoma
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Ọrịa eriri afo
• Ọrịa akụrụ
• Ọrịa ara ure

A na - ahụkarị nnukwu PDL1 na ndị a, yana ụfọdụ ụdị ọrịa kansa ndị ọzọ. A na-agwọkarị kansa ndị nwere nnukwu PDL1 n'ụzọ dị irè na immunotherapy.

Kedu ihe na - eme n'oge ule PDL1?

Imirikiti ule PDL1 na-eme n'ime usoro a na - akpọ biopsy. E nwere ụzọ usoro biopsy atọ dị mkpa:

• Ezi agịga agụụ biopsy, nke na-eji agịga dị ezigbo mkpa wepụ sel nke mkpụrụ ndụ ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri
• Isi agị biopsy, nke na-eji agịga buru ibu wepụ ihe nlele
• Psywa ahụ biopsy, nke na-ewepu ihe nlele na obere, usoro ọgwụgwọ

Ezigbo agịga agụụ na isi agịga biopsies na-agụnye usoro ndị a:

• Ga-edina n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ ịnọdụ ala na tebụl nyocha.
• Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-ehichapụ saịtị biopsy ma gbanye ya na ọgwụ anestetiiki ka ị ghara inwe ihe mgbu n'oge usoro ahụ.
• Ozugbo akuku ahu ghasara, onye na - enye ya ga - etinye ogwu ogwu na acho ya ma obu ihe ogwu biopsy n’ime saiti biopsy ma wepu ihe nlere nke aru ma obu mmiri.
• I nwere ike inwe ntakịrị nrụgide mgbe ewepụrụ ihe nlele ahụ.
• A ga-etinye nrụgide na saịtị biopsy ruo mgbe ọbara ọgbụgba ahụ kwụsịrị.
• Onye na-eweta gị ga-etinye bandeeji na-adịghị ọcha na saịtị biopsy.

Na ịwa ahụ biopsy, dọkịta na-awa ahụ ga-eme obere mbepụ gị na akpụkpọ iji wepụ ihe niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ara ara. A na-eme ọgwụ biopsy ịwa ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma ọ bụrụ na a gaghị enwe ike iji akpụ mkpụrụ ndụ nweta agịga biopsy. Urgicalwa ahụ biopsies na-agụnyekarị usoro ndị a.

• Ga-edina na tebụl na-arụ ọrụ. Enwere ike itinye IV (intravenous line) na ogwe aka gị ma ọ bụ aka gị.
• Enwere ike inye gị ọgwụ, nke akpọrọ ọgwụ na-akụjụ ahụ, iji nyere gị aka izu ike.
• A ga-enye gị ọgwụ mgbochi mpaghara ma ọ bụ izugbe ka ị ghara inwe ihe mgbu n'oge usoro ahụ.
  • Maka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ga-agbanye ọgwụ biopsy site na ọgwụ iji belata mpaghara ahụ.
  • Maka anesthesia izugbe, ọkachamara a na-akpọ anesthesiologist ga-enye gị ọgwụ ka ị wee daa mgbe usoro ahụ.
• Ozugbo mpaghara biopsy gwụrụ ma ọ bụ na ị amaghị ihe ọ bụla, dọkịta na-awa ahụ ga-eme obere ara n'ime ara ya wee wepu akụkụ ma ọ bụ ihe niile. A pụkwara iwepụ ụfọdụ anụ ahụ dị gburugburu akụkụ ahụ.
• Iberibe akpụkpọ ahụ gị ga-eji stitches ma ọ bụ eriri nrapado.

Enwere biopsies dị iche iche. Ofdị biopsy ị nwetara ga-adabere na ọnọdụ na oke nke etuto gị.

Ọ dị m mkpa ime ihe ọ bụla iji kwadebe maka ule ahụ?

Won’t gaghị achọ nkwadebe pụrụ iche ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-enweta ọgwụ mgbochi mpaghara (nkwụsị nke saịtị biopsy). Ọ bụrụ n ’ịestụ ọgwụ nwuru anwu n’ozuzu, ị nwere ike ibu ọnụ (agaghị eri ma ọ bụ drinkụọ ihe ọ )ụ )ụ) ruo ọtụtụ awa tupu ịwa ahụ. Dọkịta dọkịta gị ga-enye gị ntụziaka ndị a kapịrị ọnụ karị. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na ị na-enweta ọgwụ mgbochi ma ọ bụ ọgwụ mgbochi izugbe, jide n'aka na ị na-ahazi onye ga-ebuga gị n'ụlọ. Nwere ike ịbụ groggy na mgbagwoju anya mgbe ị na-eteta si usoro.

Onwere ihe egwu di n’ule a?

May nwere ike ịnwe ntakịrị ọnya ma ọ bụ ọbara ọgbụgba na saịtị nke biopsy. Mgbe ụfọdụ saịtị ahụ na-ebute ọrịa. Ọ bụrụ na nke ahụ emee, a ga-eji ọgwụ nje na-agwọ gị. Byopsy ịwa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata ụfọdụ mgbu na ahụ erughị ala. Onye na-ahụ maka ahụike gị nwere ike ịkwado ma ọ bụ dee ọgwụ ga-enyere gị aka ịka mma.

Kedu ihe nsonaazụ ahụ pụtara?

Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ gị na-egosi mkpụrụ ndụ tumo gị nwere nnukwu PDL1, enwere ike ịmalite gị na immunotherapy. Ọ bụrụ na nsonaazụ gị egosighi ọkwa PDL1 dị elu, immunotherapy nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè nye gị. Ma ị nwere ike irite uru site na ụdị ọgwụgwọ kansa ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ gbasara nsonaazụ gị, gwa ndị ọrụ ahụike gị okwu.

Mụtakwuo maka ule nyocha ụlọ, akara ngosi, na nghọta nsonaazụ.

Onwere ihe ozo ichoro ima banyere PDL1 ule?

Immunotherapy anaghị arụ ọrụ maka onye ọ bụla, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere etuto nwere nnukwu PDL1. Mkpụrụ ndụ cancer dị mgbagwoju anya ma bụrụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka. Ndị ọrụ ahụike na ndị nyocha ka na-amụ banyere ọgwụ mgbochi na otu esi ebu amụma onye ga-erite uru na ọgwụgwọ a.

Ntughari

1. Ahụ ike Allina [Internet]. Minneapolis: Allina Health; c2018. Immunotherapy maka ọrịa kansa; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. E Nweta site na: https://wellness.allinahealth.org/library/content/60/903
2. American Cancer Society [Intanet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Ndị na-egbochi ihe nyocha na-agwọ ọrịa kansa; [emelitere 2017 May 1; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 4]. O si na: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors.html
3. American Cancer Society [Intanet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Gịnị Bụ Ezubere Banyere Ọrịa Cancer?; [emelitere 2016 Jun 6; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 4]. E si na: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/targeted-therapy/what-is.html
4. American Cancer Society [Intanet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Kedu ihe ọhụrụ na nyocha ọrịa ọrịa kansa?; [emelitere 2017 Oct 31; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 4]. E si na ya: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/whats-new-in-immunotherapy-research.html
5. Ọrịa Cancer.Net [Intanet]. Alexandria (VA): American Society of Clinical Oncology; C2005-2018. Ihe 9 Mara Banyere Immunotherapy na Lung Cancer; 2016 Nov 8 [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. E Nweta site na: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2016-11/9-things-know-about-immunotherapy-and-lung-cancer
6. Dana-Farber Ọrịa Cancer [Internet]. Boston: analọ Ọrụ Ọrịa Cancer nke Dana-Farber; c2018. Kedu ihe bụ PDL-1 Test ?; 2017 Mee 22 [emelitere 2017 Jun 23; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. Odi na: https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2017/05/what-is-a-pd-l1-test
7. Integrated Oncology [Intanet]. Lọ ọrụ Laboratory Corporation nke America, c2018. PDL1-1 nke IHC, Opdivo; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. O nwere site na: https://www.integratedoncology.com/test-menu/pd-l1-by-ihc-opdivo%C2%AE/cec2cfcc-c365-4e90-8b79-3722568d5700
8. Nnwale ụlọ nyocha na ntanetị [Intanet]. Washington DC: American Association maka Clinical Chemistry; C2001–2018. Nnyocha nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ọgwụgwọ Ọrịa Cancer ezubere iche; [emelitere 2018 Jun 18; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 2]. E Nweta site na: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/genetic-tests-targeted-cancer-therapy
9. Yolọ Ọgwụ Mayo: Laboratories Mayo Medical [Internet]. Ntọala Mayo maka Mmụta Ahụike na Nnyocha; C1995–2018. Nyocha ule: PDL1: Mmemme Ọnwụ-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) (SP263), Ọkara-Immunohistochemistry, Akwụkwọ ntuziaka: Clinical and Interpretive; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 4]. E Nweta site na: https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/71468
10. MD Anderson Cancer Center [Intanet]. Mahadum Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; c2018. Nchọpụta a nwere ike ịbawanye arụmọrụ nke ọgwụgwọ immunotherapy; 2016 Sep 7 [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. E Nweta site na: https://www.mdanderson.org/publications/cancer-frontline/2016/09/discovery-may-increase-immunotherapy-effectiveness.html
11. National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Ngalaba Ahụ Ike na Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ U.S. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Okwu: immunotherapy; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. E Nweta site na: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/immunotherap
12. National Cancer Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Ngalaba Ahụ Ike na Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ U.S. Tumor Akara; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 4]. E Nweta site na: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/diagnosis/tumor-markers-fact-sheet
13. The Sydney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center [Intanet]. Baltimore: Mahadum Johns Hopkins; Ihe gbasara ara: Ọgwụgwọ Ọrịa Na-ekwe Ọrịa Cancer; [akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. O nwere site na: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/publications/breast_matters/files/sebindoc/a/p/ca4831b326e7b9ff7ac4b8f6e0cea8ba.pdf
14. Ahụike UW [Internet]. Madison (WI): Mahadum nke Wisconsin italslọọgwụ na Clinics Authority; c2018. Ozi Ahụ Ike: Sistem Na-enweghị Ọgwụ; [emelitere 2017 Oct 9; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. Odi site na: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/ConditionCenter/Immune%20System/center1024.html
15. Ahụike UW [Internet]. Madison (WI): Mahadum nke Wisconsin italslọọgwụ na Clinics Authority; c2018. Akụkọ na Ihe Omume: Tekụzi Usoro Mgbochi Ọgụ iji lụso Ọrịa Cancer ọgụ; [emelitere 2017 Aug 7; akpọrọ 2018 Aug 14]; [ihe dị ka ihuenyo 3]. Odi na: https://www.uwhealth.org/news/the-immune-system-goes-to-school-to-learn-how-to-fight-cancer/51234

Ejila ozi dị na saịtị a dị ka onye dochie anya nlekọta ahụike ọkachamara ma ọ bụ ndụmọdụ. Kpọtụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ gbasara ahụike gị.