Diuretics: ihe ha bu, udiri na otu ha si aru oru

Ndinaya

• 1. Diuretics Thiazide
• 2. Loop diuretics
• 3. Ọrịa mamịrị na-egbu egbu nke Potassium
• 4. Ọrịa Osmotic
• 5. Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka anwansị Carbonic anhydrase

Diuretics bụ ọgwụgwọ nke enwere ike iji naanị ya ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, maka ọgwụgwọ ọbara mgbali elu, ọzịza nke obi, akụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa imeju kpatara, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị diuretics dị, dị ka thiazides, loop, potassium-sparing, osmotic or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, nwere usoro dị iche iche nke ime ihe na ime ihe na mpaghara dị iche iche nke akụrụ, nke ekwesịrị ịdebere dabere na nsogbu a ga-emeso ya.

1. Diuretics Thiazide

Ndị a diuretics nwere usoro ha nke igbochi sodium reabsorption na akụkụ mbụ nke tubule akụrụ distal, na-abawanye nsị ya, yana excretion nke chlorides na, na obere, nke potassium na magnesium, nke na - eduga na mkpochapu mmiri. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị a na-arụsi ike ike.

Generic / aha azụmahịa: Ihe atụ ụfọdụ nke diuretics thiazide bụ indapamide (Natrilix, Indapen, Flux), hydrochlorothiazide (Diurix, Hidromed) na chlorothalidone (Higroton).

Usoro ọgwụgwọ: N'ozuzu, a na-egosi diuretics na klas a maka iweda ọbara mgbali na maka ọgwụgwọ na-adịghị ala ala nke edema jikọtara na nkụchi obi, imeju imeju na ọrịa akụrụ.

Mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta: Fọdụ n'ime mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta nke nwere ike ime n'oge ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụ ndị a bụ nju anya, isi ọwụwa, adịghị ike, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, ọnya afọ, afọ ọsịsa, afọ ntachi, cholecystitis, pancreatitis na ọbara na nsogbu anụ ahụ.

2. Loop diuretics

Loop diuretics na-eme ihe site na igbochi reabsorption sodium na ngalaba na-arịgo elu nke akaghị nke Henle, na-eduga na mbelata nke reabsorption mmiri tubular. Na mgbakwunye, ọgwụgwọ ndị a nwekwara mmetụta na-emetụta ọbara, na-ebute vasodilation ma belata mgbatị vascular. Usoro ọgwụgwọ a nwere mmetụta mamịrị nke ike, na-amalite ngwa ngwa nke obere oge

Generic / aha azụmahịa: Furosemide (Lasix, Neosemid) bụ ihe atụ nke diuretic loop. Mụta otu esi eji na ihe contraindic maka furosemide.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ: A na-egosi ihe na-eme ka ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa loop maka ịchịkwa nnukwu akpa edema na ụdị edema ndị ọzọ dị nro, nnukwu akụrụ akụrụ na ọbara mgbali elu. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike iji ha agwọ nnukwu hypercalcemia, ebe ha na-akwalite urinary calcium excretion.

Mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta: Offọdụ n'ime mmetụta ndị nwere ike ime n'oge ọgwụgwọ bụ nsogbu electrolyte, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, hypovolemia, ụba nke creatinine na triglycerides n'ime ọbara, ọgụ gout na mmụba nke urinary.

3. Ọrịa mamịrị na-egbu egbu nke Potassium

Usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị a na-egbochi excretion nke potassium na ọkwa nke njedebe nke tubule a na-agabiga na tube na-achịkọta, nke nwere ike ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịme ihe mmegide aldosterone.

Spironolactone bụ onye na-emegide aldosterone kpọmkwem, na-eme tumadi na saịtị sodium na potassium ion mgbanwe, nke dị na tubule akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ma na-eduga n'ọtụtụ sodium na mmiri ka ewepụ, ebe a na-echekwa potassium.

Generic / aha azụmahịa: Examplesfọdụ ihe atụ nke diuretics na-egbochi potassium bụ amiloride, bụ nke metụtara naanị ihe ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, na spironolactone (Aldactone, Diacqua). Hụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi ọgwụgwọ maka spironolactone.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ: Ndị na-eme ka a na-eme ka a na-eme ka a na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri gbue potassium na-enye mmamiri mamịrị na-adịghị ike ma, ya mere, anaghị ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ịgwọ edema ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu, ma a na - ejikọkarị ya na ndị ọzọ na - Nchịkwa ya na-eme ka mmetụta diuretic na nzaghachi antihypertensive na-abawanye na thiazide na loop diuretics.

Mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta: Offọdụ nsogbu ọ bụla nwere ike ibute bụ mmụba nke oke extracellular, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na hypernatremia.

4. Ọrịa Osmotic

Ọgwụ ndị a na-eme ka osmolarity nke filtrate glomerular dịkwuo elu, nke na-eme ka mmegharị nke mmiri intracellular banye n'ime oghere na akwara, na-ebute diuresis akara, na-ebelata nrụgide intracranial na edema na nrụgide intraocular dị elu.

Generic / aha azụmahịa: 20% Mannitol. Chọpụta otu esi eji mannitol eme ihe.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ: 20% mannitol gosipụtara maka ọgwụgwọ edema edema, nnukwu glaucoma, nnukwu ọdịda akụrụ na nkwadebe maka ịwa ahụ anya.

Mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta: Offọdụ n'ime mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta nke nwere ike ime bụ ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, isi ọwụwa, dizzzz, tremors, fevers, ụba obi, obi mgbu, hypernatremia, akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ, ọhụụ na-adịghị ahụ anya, hives ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu.

5. Mkpụrụ osisi na-eme ka anwansị Carbonic anhydrase

Ọgwụ ndị a na-egbochi anhydrase carbonic, nke bụ enzyme nke na - akpata mmeghachi omume kemịkal nke gụnyere ịmịkọ carbon dioxide na dehydrating carbonic acid. N'ihi ya, enwere mbelata nke carbonic acid, nke na-eduga na alkalinization nke mmamịrị, na-akwalite diuresis.

Generic / aha azụmahịa:acetazolamide (Diamox). Chọpụta otu esi eji na ihe contraindic maka Diamox bụ.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ: A na-egosi ndị na-eme anhydrase Carbonic maka ọgwụgwọ glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis na nnukwu ọrịa ugwu.

Mmetụta ndị kachasị emetụta: Offọdụ n'ime mmetụta ọjọọ ndị nwere ike ime bụ metabolic acidosis, mmụba nke olu nke extracellular fluid, hyponatremia, isi ọwụwa, iro ụra, ọgbụgbọ, ọgbụgbọ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.