Kedu ihe bụ carbohydrates, ụdị ndị bụ isi na ihe ha bụ maka

Ndinaya

• Kedu ihe bara uru
• Onwere ikike ozo nke ozo na ewezuga glucose?
• Ofdị carbohydrates
• 1. Dị Mfe
• 2. Ihe mgbagwoju anya
• Kedu ihe oriri carbohydrate
• Kedu ka nri carbohydrate si eme

Carbohydrates, nke a makwaara dị ka carbohydrates ma ọ bụ saccharides, bụ mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ngwakọ mejupụtara carbon, oxygen na hydrogen, ndị ọrụ ha bụ inye ume ahụ, ebe 1 gram nke carbohydrate kwekọrọ na 4 Kcal, na-eme ihe dị ka 50 ruo 60% nke nri.

Examplesfọdụ ihe atụ nke nri nwere carbohydrates bụ osikapa, ọka oat, mmanụ a honeyụ, shuga, poteto, na ndị ọzọ, nke enwere ike ịkọwa ya n'ime carbohydrates dị mfe ma dị mgbagwoju anya, dịka usoro nhazi ha si dị.

Kedu ihe bara uru

Carbohydrates bụ isi ihe na-enye ike maka ahụ n'ihi na, n'oge mgbaze, a na-emepụta glucose, nke bụ ihe kachasị amasị mkpụrụ ndụ iji mepụta ike, nke na-agbaji molecule a n'ime ATP, nke eji arụ ọrụ metabolic dị iche iche, maka ịrụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ahụ. Ọ bụ ụbụrụ na-ejikarị glucose eme ihe, nke na-eji ihe dị ka 120 g, n'ime ngụkọta nke 160 g na-eji kwa ụbọchị.

Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-echekwa akụkụ nke glucose emepụtara n'ụdị glycogen n'ime imeju, na obere akụkụ na-echekwa na akwara, maka ọnọdụ nke ahụ chọrọ nchekwa, dịka n'ọnọdụ nke ibu ọnụ ogologo oge, ịmụrụ anya ma ọ bụ metabolic nchekasị, dịka ọmụmaatụ.

Oriri nke carbohydrates dikwa mkpa maka ichekwaba mọzụlụ, ebe ọ bụ na enweghị shuga na-akawanye ụfụ akwara uru. Fiber bụkwa ụdị carbohydrate, nke, n'agbanyeghị agbanyeghị na glucose, dị mkpa maka usoro mgbaze, ebe ọ na-ebelata nsị nke cholesterol, na-enyere aka idobe shuga shuga, na-eme ka eriri afọ na-arịwanye elu ma na-enwe mmụba olu nke stool, na-ezere afọ ntachi.

Onwere ikike ozo nke ozo na ewezuga glucose?

Ee: Mgbe ahụ jiri glucose mee ihe ma enweghị oriri carbohydrate ma ọ bụ mgbe oriri ahụ ezughi oke, ahụ na-amalite iji abụba ahụ na-ewepụta ume (ATP), na-eji glucose edochi ahụ ketone.

Ofdị carbohydrates

Enwere ike ịkọwapụta carbohydrates dịka mgbagwoju anya ha, n'ime:

1. Dị Mfe

Carborates ndị dị mfe bụ nkeji nke, mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ, na-emepụta carbohydrates dị mgbagwoju anya. Ihe atụ nke carbohydrates dị mfe bụ glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose na fructose. Mgbe ị na-eri otu akụkụ nke carbohydrate, mkpụrụ ndụ a dị mgbagwoju anya na-erekasị na ọkwa nke eriri afọ, ruo mgbe ọ ruru eriri afọ n'ụdị monosaccharides, ka emesịa tinye ya obi.

Njikọ nke abụọ nke monosaccharides na-etolite disaccharides, dịka sucrose (glucose + fructose), nke bụ shuga tebụl, lactose (glucose + galactose) na maltose (glucose + glucose), dịka ọmụmaatụ. Na mgbakwunye, njikọ nke 3 ruo 10 nke monosaccharides na-enye oligosaccharides.

2. Ihe mgbagwoju anya

Ihe ndi na-eme ka ihe di ike ma obu polysaccharides bu ndi nwere ihe kariri 10 nke monosaccharides, na-eme ihe omuma ihe di iche iche di iche iche, nke puru ibu ihe ndi ozo. Ihe atụ ụfọdụ bụ stachi ma ọ bụ glycogen.

Kedu ihe oriri carbohydrate

Fọdụ nri ndị jupụtara na carbohydrates bụ achịcha, ntụ ọka wit, toast french, agwa, lentil, chickpeas, ọka bali, ọka oat, ọka, poteto na poteto ụtọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ.

A na-etinye ngafe nke carbohydrates na ahụ dị n’ụdị abụba, yabụ, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị ezigbo mkpa, mmadụ kwesịrị izere ịgestụbiga nri ókè, na-atụ aro ka ị na-eri ihe dị ka gram 200 ruo 300 kwa ụbọchị, nke bụ ego dịgasị iche iche ka ibu, afọ, mmekọahụ na mmega ahụ.

Hụ nri ndị ọzọ bara ọgaranya.

Kedu ka nri carbohydrate si eme

Carbohydrates na-etinye aka n'ọtụtụ ụzọ metabolic, dị ka:

• Ọrịa glycolysis: ọ bụ ụzọ nke metabolism nke glucose na-eme ka ọ dị ike iji nweta ume maka sel ahụ. N'ime usoro a, ATP na 2 pyruvate molecules na-etolite, nke ejiri ya na ụzọ metabolic ndị ọzọ, iji nweta ume karịa;
• Gluconeogenesis: site n'okporo ụzọ metabolic a, enwere ike ịmepụta glucose site na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ karịa carbohydrates. Zọ a na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ahụ na-agafe oge ibu ọnụ dị ogologo, nke enwere ike ịmepụta glucose site na glycerol, site na abụba abụba, amino acids ma ọ bụ lactate;
• Ọrịa Glycogenolysis: ọ bụ usoro catabolic, nke glycogen nke echekwara n'imeju na / ma ọ bụ mọzụlụ mebiri iji mepụta glucose. Zọ a na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ahụ chọrọ ịrị elu nke glucose ọbara;
• Glucogenesis: ọ bụ usoro metabolism nke emepụtara glycogen, nke mejupụtara ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ glucose, nke echekwara n'ime imeju yana, obere, na akwara. Usoro a na - eme mgbe iri nri na carbohydrates.

A na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ metabolic ndị a dabere na mkpa nke organism na ọnọdụ ọ hụrụ onwe ya.