Ka nká na-agbanwe n’ime mmepụta hormone

Usoro endocrin mejupụtara akụkụ ahụ na anụ ahụ na - ewepụta homonụ. Hormones bụ kemịkal sitere n'okike mepụtara n'otu ebe, ewepụtara ya n'ọbara, wee jiri akụkụ na sistemụ ndị ọzọ elebara anya.

Hormones na-achịkwa akụkụ ahụ a chọrọ. Sistemụ akụkụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nwere sistemu njikwa nke ha yana, ma ọ bụ kama, homonụ.

Ka anyị na-etolite, mgbanwe na-adịkarị na-achịkwa usoro usoro anụ ahụ. Fọdụ anụ ahụ a na-atụgharị uche na-adịchaghị enwe mmetụta na hormone na-achịkwa ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ homonụ a rụpụtara nwekwara ike ịgbanwe.

Mbara ọbara nke homonụ ụfọdụ na-abawanye, ụfọdụ na-ebelata, ụfọdụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Hormones na-agbajikwa (metabolized) nwayọ nwayọ.

Ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ nke na-emepụta homonụ na-ejikwa homonụ ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa. Agka nká na-agbanwekwa usoro a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anụ ahụ nke endocrin nwere ike mepụta homonụ ya karịa ka ọ dị na nwata, ma ọ bụ ọ nwere ike mepụta otu ego na nwayọ nwayọ.

CHB CHR AG NKWETA

Hypothalamus dị na ụbụrụ. Ọ na - emepụta homonụ nke na - achịkwa akụkụ ndị ọzọ na usoro endocrine, gụnyere pituitary gland. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke homonụ a na-achịkwa na-anọ otu ihe, mana nzaghachi site na akụkụ endocrine nwere ike ịgbanwe ka anyị na-eto.

Pituitary gland dị n'okpuru (pituitary pituitary) ma ọ bụ na (azụ na-esochi ụbụrụ) ụbụrụ. Ọkpụkpụ a na-eru ogo kachasị na etiti oge wee jiri nwayọ nwayọ. Ọ nwere akụkụ abụọ:

• Akụkụ azụ (azụ) na-echekwa homonụ nke emepụtara na hypothalamus.
• Akụkụ ihu (ihu) na-emepụta homonụ nke na-emetụta uto, thyroid gland (TSH), adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, na ara.

The thyroid gland dị na olu. Ọ na - emepụta homonụ nke na - enyere aka ịchịkwa metabolism. Na ịka nká, thyroid pụrụ ịghọ lumpy (nodular). Metabolism na-ebelata oge, na-amalite na ihe dị ka afọ 20. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-emepụta ma na-agbaji hormones thyroid (metabolized) n'otu ọnụego, ule ọrụ thyroid na-abụkarị ihe nkịtị. Fọdụ ndị mmadụ, ogo homonụ nke gị nwere ike ịrị elu, na-ebute ọnwu nke ọnwụ site na ọrịa obi.

The parathyroid glands bụ obere glands anọ dị na gburugburu thyroid. Parathyroid hormone na-emetụta calcium na phosphate etoju, nke na-emetụta ike ọkpụkpụ. Parathyroid hormone na-ebili na afọ, nke nwere ike itinye aka na osteoporosis.

A na - emepụta insulin site na pancreas. Ọ na - enyere shuga (glucose) aka site na ọbara banye n'ime sel, ebe enwere ike iji ya nweta ume.

Ogologo shuga glucose na-ebu ọnụ na-ebili 6 na 14 milligram kwa deciliter (mg / dL) kwa afọ 10 ọ bụla mgbe afọ 50 dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ na-adịchaghị enwe mmetụta nke mmetụta nke insulin. Ozugbo ọkwa ruru 126 mg / dL ma ọ bụ karịa, a na-ahụta onye ahụ ka ọ na-arịa ọrịa shuga.

Akụkụ adrenal dị n’elu akụrụ. Akụkụ adrenal, nke dị n'elu, na-ewepụta homonụ aldosterone, cortisol, na dehydroepiandrosterone.

• Aldosterone na-ahazi mmiri mmiri na electrolyte itule.
• Cortisol bụ homonụ "nrụgide nrụgide". Ọ na-emetụta mmebi nke glucose, protein, na abụba, ọ na-enwekwa mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na nke nfụkasị ahụ.

Ntọhapụ Aldosterone na-ebelata na afọ. Mbelata a nwere ike itinye aka na isi ọwụwa na nkwụsị ọbara mgbali elu na mgbanwe ọnọdụ mberede (orthostatic hypotension). Ntọhapụ Cortisol na-ebelata na ịka nká, mana ọkwa ọbara nke hormone a na-adị otu. Dehydroepiandrosterone etoju na-ada. Mmetụta nke ọdịda a na ahụ adịghị edozi.

Ovaries na ule nwere ọrụ abụọ. Ha na - ewepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ọmụmụ (ova na spam). Ha na-ewepụtakwa homonụ mmekọahụ nke na-achịkwa njirimara nwoke na nwanyị, dị ka ara na ntutu ihu.

• Na ịka nká, ụmụ nwoke na-enwekarị ọkwa dị ala nke testosterone.
• Womenmụ nwanyị nwere obere estradiol na homonụ estrogen ndị ọzọ mgbe ha mechara.

Mmetụta nke mgbanwe

Na mkpokọta, ụfọdụ homonụ na-ebelata, ụfọdụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe, ụfọdụ na-abawanye na afọ. Hormones na-ebelatakarị gụnyere:

• Aldosterone
• Calcitonin
• Mkpụrụ hormone nke uto
• Renin

N'ime ụmụ nwanyị, estrogen na prolactin na-agbadakarị.

Hormon nke na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ belata ntakịrị ntakịrị gụnyere:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulin
• Họdroid gị nke T3 na T4

Levelskpụrụ testosterone na-ebelata nke nta nke nta ka ụmụ nwoke na-eto.

Hormon nwere ike ịbawanye gụnyere:

• Ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na-akpali akpali (FSH)
• Na-edozi hormone (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Parathyroid hormone

IHE D MERE

• Agka nká na-agbanwe agbanwe
• Ka nká na-agbanwe n’ahụ́, akwara, na sel
• Ka nká na-agbanwe n’usoro ịmụ nwa
• Ogba menopause

• Ogba menopause
• Mmekpa ahụ nwa nwanyi

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Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology nke ịka nká. N'ime: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Akwụkwọ Brocklehurst nke Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: isi 13.

Lobo RA. Menopause na nká. Na: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, eds. Yen & Jaffe’s Reproductive Endocrinology. 8th ed. Onye ozo; 2019: isi 14.

Walston JD. Ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị nke ịka nká. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 22.