Ọrịa adrenal

Akụkụ ahụ adrenal bụ obere gland ndị nwere obere akụkụ triangle atọ. Otu gland dị n’elu akụrụ nke ọ bụla.

Ọgba aghara ọ bụla dị ka akụkụ nke isi mkpịsị aka. A na-akpọ akụkụ nke gland ahụ cortex. Ọ na - emepụta homonụ steroid dị ka cortisol, aldosterone, na homonụ nwere ike gbanwee ghọọ testosterone. A na-akpọ akụkụ dị n'ime gland ahụ medulla. Ọ na-emepụta epinephrine na norepinephrine. A na-akpọ homonụ ndị a adrenaline na noradrenaline.

Mgbe glands mepụtara homonụ karịa ma ọ bụ obere karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị, ị nwere ike ịrịa ọrịa. Nke a nwere ike ime ma ọ bụ mụọ anyị ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ ma e mechaa, ha emechaa nwụọ.

Adrenal glands nwere ike imetụta ọtụtụ ọrịa, dịka nsogbu autoimmune, ọrịa, etuto ahụ, na ọbara ọgbụgba. Fọdụ na-adịgide adịgide ma ụfọdụ gafere oge. Ọgwụ nwekwara ike imetụta gland.

Pituitary, obere gland na ala ụbụrụ, na ewepụta homonụ a na-akpọ ACTH nke dị mkpa na-akpali akpali adrenal cortex. Ọrịa pituitary nwere ike ibute nsogbu na ọrụ adrenal.

Ọnọdụ metụtara nsogbu adrenal gland gụnyere:

• Ọrịa Addison, nke a na - akpọkwa adrenal insufficiency - aghara nke na - eme mgbe gland adrenal anaghị emepụta homonụ zuru ezu
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - nsogbu nke adrenal glands enweghi enzyme dị mkpa iji mee homonụ
• Ọrịa Cushing - ọrịa nke na - eme ma ọ bụrụ na ahụ mmadụ nwere ogo dị elu nke hormone cortisol
• Ọrịa shuga (ọbara ọbara dị elu) kpatara site na adrenal gland na-eme cortisol nke ukwuu
• Glucocorticoid ọgwụ ndị dị ka prednisone, dexamethasone, na ndị ọzọ
• Oké ma ọ bụ achọghị ntutu isi na ụmụ nwanyị (hirsutism)
• Hump ​​n'azụ ubu (dorsocervical fat pad)
• Hypoglycemia - ọbara shuga dị ala
• Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome) - nsogbu nke adrenal gland weputara otutu hormone aldosterone
• Nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba ọgbụgba nke abụọ (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - ọdịda nke gland adrenal na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime gland, nke a na-ejikọkarị na ọrịa siri ike, a na-akpọ sepsis

• Ọgwụ endocrine
• Ọrịa adrenal
• Adrenal gland biopsy

Friedman TC. Ọkpụkpụ adrenal. Na: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, eds. Andreoli na Carpenter’s Cecil Mkpa nke Ọgwụ. Agba nke 9. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 64.

Newell-Ahịa JDC, Auchus RJ. Na adrenal cortex. Na: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Williams nke Endocrinology. Nke iri na anọ. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 15.

Na-eguzogide S. Suprarenal (adrenal) gland. Na: Iguzo S, ed. Ọkpụkpụ Grey. 41nke. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi nke 71.