Arụ ọrụ basal ganglia

Basil ganglia dysfunction bụ nsogbu na ụbụrụ miri emi nke na-enyere aka ịmalite ma chịkwaa mmegharị.

Ọnọdụ ndị na-akpata mmerụ ụbụrụ nwere ike imebi baslia ganglia. Ọnọdụ ndị a gụnyere:

• Nsi nsi carbon monoxide
• Overseụ ọgwụ ọjọọ
• Isi mmerụ
• Ofufe Ọrịa
• Ọrịa imeju
• Nsogbu metabolic
• Ọrịa multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Withụ ọla kọpa, manganese, ma ọ bụ ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ
• Ọkụ
• Tumo

Otu ihe na-akpatakarị ihe ndị a bụ iji ọgwụ ndị a na-eji agwọ ọrịa schizophrenia.

A na - ejikọta ọtụtụ nsogbu ụbụrụ na basal ganglia dysfunction. Ha gụnyere:

• Dystonia (nsogbu akwara)
• Ọrịa Huntington (ọrịa nke mkpụrụ ndụ akwara n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụbụrụ na-efufu, ma ọ bụ mebie)
• Otutu atrophy (oria ojoo ojoo)
• Ọrịa Parkinson
• Ọrịa supranuclear na-aga n'ihu n'ihu (nsogbu mmegharị site na mmebi nke ụfọdụ mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na ụbụrụ)
• Ọrịa Wilson (ọgba aghara na-akpata oke ọla kọpa na anụ ahụ)

Mmebi dị na sel ganglia sel nwere ike ibute nsogbu ijikwa okwu, mmeghari na ọnọdụ. Nchikota nke ihe omuma a ka ana akpo parkinsonism.

Onye nwere nsogbu ịda mbà nwere ike ịnwe nsogbu ịmalite, ịkwụsị, ma ọ bụ ịkwagide mmegharị. Dabere na mpaghara ụbụrụ ụbụrụ emetụta, enwere ike inwe nsogbu na ncheta na usoro echiche ndị ọzọ.

Na mkpokọta, mgbaàmà dịgasị iche ma nwee ike ịgụnye:

• Mgbanwe mmegharị, dịka mmegharị ahụ ma ọ bụ nwayọ nwayọ
• Muscleba ụda olu
• Ọkpụkpụ akwara na nkwonkwo akwara
• Nsogbu ịchọta okwu
• Remjọ
• Enweghi ike ịchịkwa, mmegharị ugboro ugboro, okwu, ma ọ bụ mkpu (tics)
• Ije ije ike

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ ma jụọ maka ihe mgbaàmà na akụkọ ahụike.

Ọbara na nyocha eserese nwere ike ịdị mkpa. Ndị a nwere ike ịgụnye:

• CT na MRI nke isi
• Nnwale mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ileba anya na arịa ọbara n’olu na ụbụrụ
• Positron emission tomography (PET) iji lee metabolism nke ụbụrụ
• Nnyocha ọbara iji chọpụta shuga shuga, ọrụ thyroid, ọrụ imeju, na ọkwa iron na ọla kọpa

Ọgwụgwọ dabere n'ihe kpatara ọgba aghara ahụ.

Kedu otu mmadu si eme nke oma dabere na ihe kpatara nsogbu ahu. Causesfọdụ ihe na-akpata na-agbanwe agbanwe, ebe ndị ọzọ chọrọ ọgwụgwọ ndụ niile.

Kpọọ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere mmegharị ọ bụla na-adịghị ahụkebe ma ọ bụ nke na-enweghị isi, dara na-enweghị ihe kpatara ya, ma ọ bụ na gị ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta na ị na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ nwayọ nwayọ.

Ọrịa Extrapyramidal; Antipsychotics - extrapyramidal

Jankovic J. Parkinson ọrịa na nsogbu ndị ọzọ. Na: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Ọkpụkpụ Bradley na Clinical Practice. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi 96.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Nsogbu ndị ọzọ na-eme ije. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 382.

Vestal E, Rusher A, Ikeda K, Melnick M. Nsogbu nke basal nuclei. Na: Lazaro RT, Reina-Guerra SG, Quiben MU, eds. Mgbanwe Ọkpụkpụ Neuro nke Umphred. Nke 7. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2020: isi 18.