Odee: Marcus Baldwin
OfbọChị Okike: 22 Juunu 2021
DatebọChị Mmelite: 17 Novemba 2024
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Down syndrome bụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke mmadụ nwere 47 chromosomes kama ọ na-emebu 46.

N’ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, Down syndrome na-apụta mgbe enwere mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ọzọ nke chromosome 21. formdị Down syndrome a ka a na-akpọ trisomy 21. Chromosome ọzọ na-akpata nsogbu na ụzọ ahụ na ụbụrụ na-etolite.

Ọrịa Down bụ otu ihe na-ebutekarị ntụpọ nwa.

Mgbaàmà ọrịa syndrome na-adịgasị iche site na mmadụ gaa na mmadụ ma nwee ike ịmalite site na nwayọọ ruo oke. N’agbanyeghị ókè ọnọdụ ahụ siruru n’ike, ndị nwere nsogbu a na-ahụ anya dị iche iche.

Isi nwere ike ịdị obere karịa ka ọ na-adịkarị ma ghara ịkpụzi ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, isi nwere ike gbaa gburugburu na ebe dị larịị na azụ. Akụkụ anya nke anya nwere ike ịkpụkọta kama ịkọwa.

Ihe ịrịba ama nkịtị gụnyere:

  • Mbelata ụda akwara mgbe a mụrụ nwa
  • Ngafe akpụkpọ na nape nke olu
  • Ewepụghị imi
  • Ekewapụrụ iche n'etiti ọkpụkpụ okpokoro isi (sutures)
  • Single crease na nkwụ nke aka
  • Obere ntị
  • Obere ọnụ
  • Anya na-agbada
  • Aka, mkpụmkpụ aka na mkpịsị aka dị mkpụmkpụ
  • White tụrụ na acha akụkụ nke anya (Brushfield tụrụ)

Ọkpụkpụ anụ ahụ na-adịkarị nwayọọ karịa ka ọ dị. Imirikiti ụmụaka nwere nsogbu Down Down anaghị eru ogogogo okenye.


Mụaka nwekwara ike igbu oge ime mmụọ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Nsogbu ndị a na-enwekarị nwere ike ịgụnye:

  • Omume na-enweghị isi
  • Ikpe na-adịghị mma
  • Oge nlebara anya
  • Learningmụta ngwa ngwa

Ka ụmụaka na-arịa Down syndrome na-etolite ma mata banyere erughị eru ha, ha nwekwara ike iwe iwe na iwe.

A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ahụike dị iche iche na ndị nwere nsogbu Down, gụnyere:

  • Mmebi ọmụmụ nke metụtara obi, dị ka ntụpọ nke atria ma ọ bụ nkwarụ nke ventricular
  • Enwere ike ịhụ nkwarụ
  • Nsogbu anya, dị ka cataracts (ọtụtụ ụmụaka nwere nsogbu Down chọrọ iko)
  • Mbido na oke vomiting, nke nwere ike ịbụ ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbochi eriri afọ, dị ka atresia esophageal na atodia duodenal
  • Nsogbu ntị, ikekwe ọ bụ ọrịa ntị na-ebute ugboro ugboro
  • Nsogbu hip na ihe ize ndụ nke dislocation
  • Nsogbu afọ ntachi ogologo oge (ala ala)
  • Ikwo ụra (n'ihi na ọnụ, akpịrị, na ikuku ikuku dị warara na ụmụaka nwere nsogbu Down)
  • Ezé na-apụta mgbe e mesịrị karịa nkịtị na ebe nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu na ịta nri
  • Ngwunye thyroid (hypothyroidism)

Onye dọkịta nwere ike ịme nchoputa Down syndrome mgbe a mụrụ ya dabere na otu nwa ọhụrụ si ele anya. Dọkịta nwere ike ịnụ obi na-atamu mgbe ọ na-ege stethoscope na-ege obi nwa ahụ ntị.


Enwere ike ime nyocha ọbara iji lelee chromosome ma wee chọpụta nyocha ahụ.

Nyocha ndị ọzọ enwere ike ịme gụnyere:

  • Echocardiogram na ECG iji chọpụta nkwarụ obi (nke a na-emekarị n'oge amuchara nwa)
  • X-ray nke obi na eriri afọ

Ndị mmadụ na-arịa ọrịa akwara kwesịrị ka a na-enyocha ha nke ọma maka ọnọdụ ahụike ụfọdụ. Ha kwesiri inwe:

  • Nyocha anya kwa afọ mgbe ọ bụ nwata
  • Nyocha ule na ọnwa isii ọ bụla ruo ọnwa iri na abụọ, ọ dabere n’afọ
  • Nyocha eze na ọnwa isii ọ bụla
  • X-ray nke elu ma ọ bụ cervical spain n'etiti afọ 3 na 5 afọ
  • Pap smears na pelvic exams na-amalite n'oge oge ntorobịa ma ọ bụ site na afọ 21
  • Thyroid na-anwale kwa ọnwa iri na abụọ

Enweghị ọgwụgwọ a kapịrị ọnụ maka ọrịa Down. Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa, ọ na-abụkarị maka nsogbu ahụike metụtara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwatakịrị amụrụ na eriri afọ afọ nwere ike ịchọ nnukwu ịwa ahụ ozugbo amụrụ ya. Defọdụ nkwarụ obi nwekwara ike ịchọ ịwa ahụ.


Mgbe ị na-enye ara ara, nwa kwesịrị ịkwado ya nke ọma ma teta n'ụra. Nwa ahụ nwere ike ịpụ apụ n'ihi njikwa njikwa ire ya. Mana ọtụtụ ụmụ aka nwere nsogbu a nwere ike inye ara ha nke ọma.

Ibu nwere ike ịghọ nsogbu nye ụmụaka toro eto na ndị okenye. Inweta ọtụtụ ọrụ na izere nri ndị nwere calorie dị mkpa. Tupu ịmalite ọrụ egwuregwu, a ga-enyocha olu nwa na hips.

Trainingzụ akparamàgwà pụrụ inyere ndị nwere nsogbu Down na ezinụlọ ha aka ịnagide nkụda mmụọ, iwe, na omume mkpasu iwe na-emekarị. Ndị nne na nna na ndị na-elekọta ụlọ kwesịrị ịmụta inyere onye nwere nsogbu Down syndrome aka inwe nkụda mmụọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịkwado nnwere onwe.

Girlsmụaka nọ n’afọ iri na ụma na ụmụnwaanyị nwere nsogbu Down Down na-adịkarị ime. Enwere ihe egwu dị ukwuu maka mmegbu nwoke na nwanyị na ụdị mmegbu ndị ọzọ na nwoke na nwanyị. Ọ dị mkpa ka ndị nwere nsogbu ahụ:

  • Mee ka a kuziere gị ime na ị kpachapụ anya nke ọma
  • Mụta ịkwado maka onwe ha n'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike
  • Bụrụ na gburugburu ebe nchekwa

Ọ bụrụ na onye ahụ nwere nkwarụ obi ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nsogbu obi ndị ọzọ, ọgwụ nje nwere ike ịdị mkpa ka edepụtara ya iji gbochie ọrịa obi a na-akpọ endocarditis.

A na-enye ọzụzụ na ọzụzụ pụrụ iche n'ọtụtụ obodo maka ụmụaka nwere igbu oge na mmepe uche. Usoro ọgwụgwọ okwu nwere ike inye aka melite nka asụsụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ nwere ike ịkụziri nkà mmegharị. Ọgwụ aka ọrụ nwere ike inye aka na nri na ịrụ ọrụ. Nlekọta ahụike uche nwere ike inyere nne na nna na nwa ahụ aka ịchịkwa nsogbu ọnọdụ uche ma ọ bụ omume. A na-achọkarị ndị nkuzi pụrụ iche.

Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịnyekwu ozi na Down syndrome:

  • Lọ Ọrụ maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa - www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/downsyndrome.html
  • National Down Syndrome Society - www.ndss.org
  • National Down Syndrome Congress - www.ndsccenter.org
  • NIH Genetics Home Reference - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụmụaka nwere nsogbu Down nwere nsogbu anụ ahụ na nke uche, ha nwere ike ibi ndụ nke onwe ha ma na-arụpụta ihe ruo na okenye.

Ihe dị ka ọkara nke ụmụaka nwere nsogbu Down nwere amụrụ na nsogbu obi, gụnyere nkwarụ atrial, nkwarụ septal ventricular, na ntụpọ cushion endocardial. Oké nsogbu obi nwere ike ibute ọnwụ n'oge.

Ndị nwere ọrịa ọgbụgba nwere nsogbu dị ukwuu maka ụdị ụfọdụ nke ọrịa leukemia, nke nwekwara ike ibute ọnwụ n'oge.

Ogo nke nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi dịgasị iche, mana ọ na-adịkarị agafeghị oke. Ndị okenye na Down syndrome nwere ihe ize ndụ dị ukwuu maka isi mgbaka.

Ekwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ahụike iji chọpụta ma nwatakịrị ahụ chọrọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ pụrụ iche. Ọ dị mkpa ka nwatakịrị ahụ na-elele dọkịta mgbe niile.

Ndị ọkachamara na-atụ aro ndụmọdụ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ndị nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ezinụlọ nke Down syndrome na-achọ ịmụ nwa.

Nwanyị nwere nsogbu ịmụ nwa nke nwere ọrịa Down syndrome na-abawanye ka ọ na-eme agadi. Ihe ize ndụ ahụ dị elu karịa ụmụ nwanyị dị afọ 35 na okenye.

Di na nwunye ndị mụtaworo nwa nwere nsogbu Down nwere nsogbu dị ukwuu nke ịmụ nwa ọzọ nwere ọnọdụ a.

Enwere ike ime ule dịka nuchal translucency ultrasound, amniocentesis, ma ọ bụ chorionic villus sampling na nwa ebu n'afọ n'oge ọnwa ole na ole mbụ nke afọ ime iji lelee Down syndrome.

Trisomy 21

Bacino CA, Lee B. Saịkọọnetị. Na: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Ọrịa edimụaka. 21nke. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi nke 98.

Driscoll DA, Simpson JL, Holzgreve W, Otano L. Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ na nchọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Na: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al, eds. Obstetrics: Ime nke Nsogbu na Nsogbu. Nke 7. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isi 10.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF. Na chromosomal na genomic ndabere nke oria: nsogbu nke autosomes na chromosomes nke nwoke. Na: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, ndị ọzọ. Thompson na Thompson Genetics na ogwu. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isi 6.

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