8 nsogbu gị na thyroid nsogbu na otu esi amata

Ndinaya

• 1. Hyperthyroidism ma ọ bụ Hypothyroidism
• 2. Thyroiditis - Mbufụt nke thyroid
• 3. thyroiditis nke Hashimoto
• 4. thyroiditis na-amụ nwa
• 5. Goiter
• 6. Ọrịa ili
• 7. Thyroid nodule
• 8. Ọrịa thyroid gị
• Otu esi amata nsogbu gi

Thyroid bụ gland nke dị n'akụkụ ihu nke olu, nke nwere ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'inyere aka ịchịkwa metabolism na nguzozi nke ahụ, metụtara ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke obi, ụbụrụ, imeju na akụrụ. Na mgbakwunye, thyroid na-emetụtakwa uto, oge ịhụ nsọ, ọmụmụ, ibu na ọnọdụ mmụọ.

Mmetụta ndị a ga - ekwe omume n'ihi na thyroid tọhapụrụ homonụ T3 na T4 n'ime ọbara, na - enwe ike ịgbasa n'ime ahụ. A na-achịkwa thyroid ahụ site na pituitary gland, gland ọzọ dị na ụbụrụ nke, n'aka nke ya, na-achịkwa mpaghara ụbụrụ a na-akpọ hypothalamus. Ya mere, mgbanwe na mpaghara ọ bụla n'ime mpaghara ndị a nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu na mgbaàmà metụtara thyroid.

Ihe na-eme ka nsogbu thyroid nwere ike ime n'ihi ọtụtụ nsogbu, naanị nyocha nke dọkịta nwere ike ịkọwa ma gosi ha, agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a kacha mara:

1. Hyperthyroidism ma ọ bụ Hypothyroidism

Hypo na hyperthyroidism bụ ọrịa na-akpata ngbanwe nke ogo hormone nke thyroid na-ezo, ma nwee ike ịnwe congenital, autoimmune, mkpali ma ọ bụ nke abụọ kpatara ọrịa ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ mmetụta ndị ọzọ nke ọgwụgwọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ.

Na mkpokọta, na hyperthyroidism enwere mmụba na mmepụta nke homonụ T3 na T4 na mbelata na TSH, ebe na hypothyroidism enwere mbelata nke T3 na T4 na mmụba na TSH, agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịdị iche dabere na ihe kpatara ya .

Iji mụtakwuo banyere ihe mgbaàmà ndị na-egosi ọrịa ndị a, lelee ihe mgbaàmà na-egosi nsogbu thyroid.

2. Thyroiditis - Mbufụt nke thyroid

Thyroiditis bụ mbufụt nke thyroid, nke nwere ike ime maka ihe dịgasị iche iche gụnyere ọrịa nje, dị ka coxsackievirus, adenovirus na mumps na measles virus, autoimmunity, ma ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu site na ọgwụ ụfọdụ, dị ka amiodarone, dịka ọmụmaatụ.

Thyroiditis nwere ike igosipụta onwe ya n'ụdị dị oke njọ, nke na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị ala ala, na mgbaàmà ya sitere na asymptomatic na ọbụna ihe mgbaàmà ndị ọzọ siri ike nke na-akpata mgbu thyroid, ihe isi ike na ilo, ahụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ahụ ọkụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, dabere n'ihe kpatara ya. Ghọta otu thyroiditis si eme na isi ihe kpatara ya.

3. thyroiditis nke Hashimoto

Hashimoto's thyroiditis bụ ụdị adịghị ala ala autoimmune thyroiditis, nke na-akpata mbufụt, mmebi cell na mgbe ahụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ thyroid, nke nwere ike ghara izoputa homonụ zuru oke n'ime ọbara.

Na ọrịa a na thyroid na-abawanye na-aba, na-eme a goiter, na mgbaàmà nke hypothyroidism ma ọ bụ nwetụ n'etiti oge nke hyper na hypothyroidism nwere ike ịdị. Ọ bụ ọrịa autoimmune nke na - akpata nje dịka anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHr). Lee ọgwụgwọ site na ịpị ebe a.

4. thyroiditis na-amụ nwa

Postpartum thyroiditis bụ otu n'ime ụdị nke autoimmune thyroiditis, nke na-emetụta ụmụ nwanyị ruo ọnwa 12 mgbe amuchara nwa ahụ, na-abụkarị ụmụ nwanyị nwere ụdị ọrịa shuga 1 ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma.

N'ime afọ ime, nwanyị na-ekpughere anụ ahụ nwa, yana iji gbochie ịjụ ya, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-agbanwe ọtụtụ mgbanwe, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ohere nke mmepe nke ọrịa autoimmune. A na-egosiputa mgbanwe a na mgbaàmà nke hypothyroidism, mana ọ naghị achọ ọgwụgwọ mgbe niile n'ihi na ọrụ thyroid nwere ike ịlaghachi na nkịtị na ọnwa 6 ruo 12.

5. Goiter

Goiter bụ mmụba na ụba nke thyroid. O nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, gụnyere enweghị ayodiin, mbufụt nke thyroid n'ihi ọrịa autoimmune ma ọ bụ nhazi nke nodules na thyroid, ọ nwere ike ibute mgbaàmà dịka mgbachi na akpịrị, nsogbu isi ike, ụkwara olu, ụkwara na, n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ siri ike, ọbụna ike iku ume.

Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya na-agbanwe dị ka ihe kpatara ya, ọ nwere ike ịgụnye iji iodine, ọgwụ maka hyper ma ọ bụ hypothyroidism ma ọ bụ, n'ọnọdụ nodules na cysts, ọbụlagodi arụmọrụ nke ịwa ahụ thyroid. Mụtakwuo banyere ihe goiter bụ, otu esi amata ma gwọọ ya.

6. Ọrịa ili

Ọrịa Graves bụ ụdị hyperthyroidism n'ihi ihe na-akpata autoimmune, yana mgbakwunye na mgbaàmà nke hyperthyroidism, ọ nwere ike ibute thyroid, ọhụụ na-apụta (palpebral retraction), guzobe nke obi tara akpụ na-acha uhie uhie n'okpuru akpụkpọ (myxedema).

A na-eme ọgwụgwọ site na njikwa nke ogo nke thyroid, yana ọgwụ ndị dị ka Propiltiouracil ma ọ bụ Metimazole, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ma ọ bụ jiri iodine redioaktivu.Hụ nkọwa ndị ọzọ gbasara mgbaàmà na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa a ebe a.

7. Thyroid nodule

A naghị achọpụta ihe kpatara ọdịdị cyst ma ọ bụ nodule na thyroid. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nodules na thyroid, ma ọ dabara nke ọma na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-enweghị isi, ma nwee ike iweta site na akpụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke olu, nke na-adịghị akpata mgbu, mana enwere ike ịhụ mgbe mmadụ na-elo nri, maka ima atu.

Enwere ike ịmata ya site na palpation, yana ule dị ka ultrasound, tomography na thyroid scintigraphy, na mgbe ụfọdụ dọkịta nwere ike ịnye biopsy iji chọpụta ụdị ya yana ma ọ dị njọ ma ọ bụ dị njọ. N'ozuzu, naanị nodule ka a na-enyocha, belụsọ mgbe onye ahụ nwere mgbaàmà, mgbe enwere ihe egwu nke ọrịa kansa thyroid ma ọ bụ mgbe nodule gbanwere ọdịdị ya ma ọ bụ too karịa 1 cm. Hụ nkọwa ndị ọzọ site na ịpị ebe a.

8. Ọrịa thyroid gị

Ọ bụ akpụ thyroid na-adịghị mma, mgbe a chọpụtakwara ya, a ga-eme nyocha, dị ka akụkụ ahụ dum iji chọpụta ma emetụta akụkụ ndị ọzọ. A na-eme ọgwụgwọ ahụ na mwepụ nke thyroid site na ịwa ahụ, enwere ike ịnwe mkpa maka usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ dịka iji iodine redioakị, dịka ọmụmaatụ. N'ọnọdụ etuto dị njọ ma na-eme ihe ike, a pụkwara iji rediotherapy. Hụ mgbaàmà 7 nwere ike igosi ọrịa kansa.

Lelee vidiyo na-esonụ ma mụta ihe nri ị ga-eri n'oge ọgwụgwọ kansa cancer:

Otu esi amata nsogbu gi

Nyocha ndị nwere ike igosi na ọnụnọ nke mgbanwe mgbanwe gị bụ ntụgharị nke T3, T4 na TSH n'ọbara, na mgbakwunye na ndị ọzọ dị ka mgbochi antibody, ultrasound, scintigraphy ma ọ bụ biopsy, nke onye endocrinologist nwere ike nye iwu ka ọ nyochaa nke ọma. maka mgbanwe ndị ahụ. Mụtakwuo banyere ule ndị na-enyocha thyroid.