Acidosis

Acidosis bu onodu nke enwere otutu acid n’ime aru aru. Ọ bụ ihe na-abụghị nke alkalosis (ọnọdụ nke nwere ọtụtụ isi na mmiri mmiri).

Akụrụ na ngụgụ na-enwe nguzozi (ọkwa pH kwesịrị ekwesị) nke kemikal a na - akpọ acids na ntọala n’ahụ. Acidosis na-eme ma ọ bụrụ na acid etolite ma ọ bụ mgbe bicarbonate (isi) furu efu. A na-eke Acidosis dị ka iku ume ma ọ bụ metabolic acidosis.

Akụkụ okuku ume na-ebulite ma enwere nnukwu carbon dioxide (acid) n’ahụ. Typedị acidosis a na - ebutekarị mgbe ahụ enweghị ike iwepu carbon dioxide zuru oke site na iku ume. Aha ndị ọzọ maka iku ume iku ume bụ hypercapnic acidosis na carbon dioxide acidosis. Ihe na-akpata iku ume ume acidosis gụnyere:

• Nrụrụ obi, dị ka kyphosis
• Obi merụrụ ahụ
• Ike adịghị ike obi
• Ogologo oge (ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala)
• Neuromuscular nsogbu, dị ka myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy
  
• Useuseụbiga ọgwụ ike

Metabolic acidosis na - amalite mgbe etinyere acid n’ime aru. O nwekwara ike ime mgbe akụrụ enweghị ike iwepu acid zuru oke na ahụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị metabolic acidosis:

• Ọrịa shuga (nke a na-akpọkwa ketoacidosis na-arịa ọrịa shuga na DKA) na-amalite mgbe ihe akpọrọ ozu ketone (nke bụ acidic) na-eto eto n'oge ọrịa shuga a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa.
• A na-ebute Hyperchloremic acidosis site na ọnwụ nke sodium bicarbonate dị ukwuu n'ahụ, nke nwere ike ime na afọ ọsịsa siri ike.
• Ọrịa akụrụ (uremia, distal gbasara akụrụ tubular acidosis ma ọ bụ nke a na-enweta nke gbasara akụrụ tubular acidosis).
• Lactic acidosis.
• Nsi ọgwụ aspirin, ethylene glycol na-egbu egbu, ma ọ bụ methanol.
• Oké ịkpọ nkụ.

Lactic acidosis bụ buildup nke lactic acid. A na-emepụta Lactic acid na mkpụrụ ndụ akwara na mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie. Ọ na - etolite mgbe ahụ mebiri carbohydrates iji rụọ ọrụ maka ike mgbe ikuku oxygen dị ala. Nke a nwere ike kpatara:

• Ọrịa cancer
• Ụbiga mmanya ókè
• Na-emega ahụ ike ruo ogologo oge
• Ọkpụkpụ imeju
• Ọbara dị n'ọbara (hypoglycemia)
• Ọgwụ, dịka salicylates, metformin, anti-retrovirals
• MELAS (ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ mitochondrial dị obere nke na-emetụta mmepụta ume)
• Enweghị oxygen ruo ogologo oge site na ujo, nkụda obi, ma ọ bụ oke anaemia
• Ọdịdọ
• Sepsis - nnukwu ọrịa n'ihi ofufe ọrịa na nje ma ọ bụ nje ndị ọzọ
• Nsi nsi carbon monoxide
• Oké ụkwara ume ọkụ

Mgbaàmà nke metabolic acidosis na-adabere na ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ na-akpata nsogbu. Metabolic acidosis n’onwe ya na-eme iku ume ngwa ngwa. A pụrụ inwe mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ ike ọgwụgwụ. Oké metabolic acidosis nwere ike ibute ujo ma ọ bụ ọnwụ.

Respiratory acidosis mgbaàmà nwere ike ịgụnye:

• Mgbagha
• Ike ọgwụgwụ
• Ike ọgwụgwụ
• Iku ume ọkụ ọkụ
• Ihi ụra

Onye nlekọta ahụike ga-eme nyocha anụ ahụ wee jụọ maka ihe mgbaàmà gị.

Nyocha ụlọ nyocha nke a pụrụ inye iwu gụnyere:

• Nyocha gas gas
• Basic metabolic panel (otu ule ọbara na-atụle sodium na potassium ọkwa, ọrụ akụrụ, na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ na ọrụ) iji gosi ma ụdị acidosis bụ metabolic ma ọ bụ akụkụ okuku ume
• Ketones nke ọbara
• Nnwale Lactic acid
• Mmiri ketere
• Mmamịrị pH

Nyocha ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịchọ iji chọpụta ihe kpatara acidosis gụnyere:

• Igbe x-ray
• CT afọ
• Urinalysis
• Mmamịrị pH

Ọgwụgwọ dabere n’ihe kpatara ya. Onye na-enye gị ga-agwa gị ihe ndị ọzọ.

Acidosis nwere ike ịdị ize ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na agwọghị ya. Ọtụtụ ikpe na-anabata ọgwụgwọ nke ọma.

Nsogbu na-adabere n'ụdị acidosis a kapịrị ọnụ.

Thedị acidosis niile ga-ebute mgbaàmà nke chọrọ ọgwụgwọ site n'aka onye na-eweta gị.

Mgbochi na-adabere n'ihe kpatara acidosis. Enwere ike igbochi ọtụtụ ihe na-akpata metabolic acidosis, gụnyere ọrịa shuga ketoacidosis na ụfọdụ ihe kpatara lactic acidosis. Dị ka ọ na-adị, ndị nwere akụrụ na ume dị mma anaghị enwe nnukwu acidosis.

• Akụrụ

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Acid-isi nguzozi. Na: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Murray na Nadel nke Medicine Respiratory. Nke isii. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isi 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Nyocha maka ọrụ gbasara akụrụ, mmiri, electrolytes, na nhazi acid. Na: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management site na Labozọ Laboratory. 23 nke ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isi 14.

Nke anọ JL. Ọrịa Acid-base. Na: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Ọgwụ Goldman-Cecil. Nke 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isi 110.