Fluoride: Ọ dị mma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ?

Ndinaya

• Gịnị Bụ Fluoride?
• Isi mmalite nke Fluoride
• Fluoride na-enyere aka igbochi oghere eze
• Int Intụbiga Ihe Ọ Canụ Canụ ókè nwere ike ịkpata Fluorosis
• Ọrịa eze
• Ọrịa Skeletal Fluorosis
• Fluoride Ọ Nwere Mmetụta Ọrịa Ndị Ọzọ?
• Ọkpụkpụ Fract
• Ọrịa Cancer
• Mmebi Brain na-adịghị mma
• Fluoridation mmiri bụ esemokwu
• Were Home Ozi

Fluoride bụ kemikal na-agbakwunye na ezé ezé.

Ọ nwere ikike pụrụ iche iji gbochie ire eze.

Maka nke a, eji fluoride agbakwunye na mmiri iji melite ahụike eze.

Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị na-echegbu onwe ha banyere nsogbu dị na ị intakeụbiga ihe ókè.

Isiokwu a na-enyocha fluoride nke ọma ma nyochaa etu ọ nwere ike isi metụta ahụike gị.

Gịnị Bụ Fluoride?

Fluoride bụ ion ọjọọ nke mmewere fluorine. Ọ na-anọchi anya ya chemical usoro F-.

A na-ahụkarị ya na okike, na oke ọnụọgụ. Ọ na-adịkarị na ikuku, ala, osisi, nkume, mmiri dị mma, mmiri mmiri na ọtụtụ nri.

Fluoride na-ekere òkè na ịkpụpụta ọkpụkpụ na ezé gị, usoro dị mkpa iji mee ka ha sie ike ma sie ike.

N’ezie, ihe dịka 99% nke fluoride ahụ dị na ọkpụkpụ na ezé.

Fluoride dịkwa mkpa maka igbochi caries ezé, makwaara dị ka oghere. Nke a bụ ya mere eji tinye ya na mmiri mmiri obodo n'ọtụtụ mba ().

Fluoride bụ ụdị ionized nke mmewere fluorine. A na-ekesa ya na okike ma na-akwado ịnweta mineral na ezé. Fluoride nwekwara ike inye aka igbochi oghere.

Isi mmalite nke Fluoride

Fluoride nwere ike itinye ma ọ bụ tinye ya n’isi n’ezé.

Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ isi mmalite nke fluoride:

• Fluoridated mmiri: Mba ndị dị ka US, UK na Australia na-agbakwunye fluoride na mmiri ha na-enweta mmiri. Na United States, mmiri fluoridated nwere akụkụ 0.7 kwa nde (ppm).
• Mmiri mmiri: N’elu mmiri dị n’ime mmiri nwere fluoride, mana ịta ahụhụ dị iche. Dịka, ọ dị n'etiti 0.01 ruo 0.3 ppm, mana na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị oke egwu dị ugbu a. Nke a nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu ahụ ike (2).
• Mmeju Fluoride: Ndị a dị ka tụlee ma ọ bụ mbadamba. A na-akwado ọgwụ mgbakwunye fluoride maka ụmụaka gafere ọnwa isii bụ ndị nwere nnukwu ihe egwu nke ịmalite oghere na ibi na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị fluoridated ().
• Foodsfọdụ nri: Enwere ike iji mmiri nwere mmiri dị mmiri mmiri mepụta ụfọdụ nri ma ọ bụ nwee ike iji mmiri na-amịrị fluoride n ’ala. Akwụkwọ tii, karịsịa ndị nke ochie, nwere ike ịnwe fluoride na ọnụọgụ dị elu karịa nri ndị ọzọ (, 5,).
• Eze na-elekọta ngwaahịa: A na-agbakwunye fluoride n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa nlekọta eze na ahịa, dị ka ntacha eze na rinses ọnụ.

Mmiri fluoride bụ isi ihe na-enye fluoride n'ọtụtụ mba. Ebe ndi ozo gunyere mmiri mmiri, ihe mmeju nke fluoride, ufodu nri na nlekota eze.

Fluoride na-enyere aka igbochi oghere eze

Ọkpụkpụ ezé, nke a makwaara dị ka oghere ma ọ bụ ire ezé, bụ ọrịa ọnụ ().

Ọ bụ nje bacteria na-ebi n'ọnụ gị na-ebute ha.

Nje ndị a na-agbari carbs ma mepụta acid nke nwere ike imebi enamel ezé, oyi akwa nke ọgaranya nke ezé.

Acid a nwere ike iduga na ịnweta mineral site na enamel, usoro a na-akpọ demineralization.

Mgbe nnọchi nke mineral, nke a na-akpọ nyochaghachi, adịghị esoro na mineral ndị furu efu, oghere ndị ahụ na-etolite.

Fluoride nwere ike inyere aka gbochie oghere eze site na ():

• Mbelata demineralization: Fluoride nwere ike inye aka belata ọnwụ nke mineral site na enamel ezé.
• Remkwalite ntụgharị uche: Fluoride nwere ike imezi usoro mmezi ahụ ma nyere aka weghachi mineral n'ime enamel ().
• Na-egbochi ọrụ nje: Fluoride nwere ike belata mmepụta acid site na igbochi ọrụ nke enzymes nje. O nwekwara ike igbochi uto nke nje bacteria ().

Na 1980s, egosiri na fluoride kachasị dị irè na igbochi oghere mgbe etinyere ya na ezé (,,).

Fluoride nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ nke oghere site na ime ka nguzozi dị n'etiti uru ịnweta na ọnwụ sitere na enamel ezé. O nwekwara ike igbochi ọrụ nje bacteria na-emerụ ahụ.

Int Intụbiga Ihe Ọ Canụ Canụ ókè nwere ike ịkpata Fluorosis

Intake intakeụbiga nri nke fluoride ogologo oge nwere ike ibute fluorosis.

Typesdị isi abụọ dị: eze fluorosis na skeletal fluorosis.

Ọrịa eze

A na-ahụ fluorosis eze na mgbanwe ọhụụ na ọdịdị nke ezé.

Na ụdị dị nro, mgbanwe ndị ahụ na-apụta dị ka ntụ ọcha na ezé ma bụrụkarị nsogbu ịchọ mma. Ọnọdụ ndị ka njọ anaghị adịcha obere, mana ejikọtara ya na ntụpọ aja aja na ezé na-esighi ike ().

Ọrịa eze na-eme naanị n'oge e mere ezé n'oge ha bụ nwata, mana oge kachasị njọ dị n'okpuru afọ abụọ ().

Childrenmụaka na-eri fluoride gabigara ókè sitere n'ọtụtụ ebe na-enwe oge dị ukwuu nwere nnukwu nsogbu nke eze fluorosis ().

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha nwere ike ilo ezé fluoridated n'ọtụtụ buru ibu ma rie oke fluoride n'ụdị mgbakwunye, na mgbakwunye na ị waterụ mmiri fluoride.

Antsmụaka ndị na-eri nri na-edozi ahụ kachasị site na mmiri agwakọtara na mmiri fluorid nwere ike nwekwa ohere ka ukwuu nke ịmalite obere eze fluorosis ()

Dental fluorosis bụ ọnọdụ na-agbanwe ọdịdị nke ezé, nke na n'ọnọdụ dị nro bụ ntụpọ ịchọ mma. Ọ na-eme naanị na ụmụaka n'oge mmepe ezé.

Ọrịa Skeletal Fluorosis

Skeletal fluorosis bu oria oria nke gunyere nchikota nke fluoride n’ime okpukpo kariri otutu afo ().

Na mbido, ihe mgbaàmà na-agụnye isi ike na nkwonkwo mgbu. Usoro ndị dị elu nwere ike imecha gbanwee usoro ọkpụkpụ na nhazi nke njikọ.

Ọkpụkpụ fluorosis bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mba dịka India na China.

N'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ ihe jikọrọ ya na oriri nke mmiri mmiri na-adịte aka na oke dị elu nke fluoride, ma ọ bụ karịa 8 ppm (2, 19).

Wayszọ ndị ọzọ ndị mmadụ nọ na mpaghara ndị a na-etinye fluoride gụnyere icheku ọkụ n'ụlọ ma na-a consumụ otu ụdị tii akpọ akpọ tii (,).

Rịba ama na ọkpụkpụ fluorosis abụghị nsogbu na mpaghara ndị na-agbakwunye fluoride na mmiri maka mgbochi oghere, ebe ọ bụ na a na-achịkwa oke ego a.

Skeletal fluorosis na-eme naanị mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekpughere fluoride dị oke oke ogologo oge.

Skeletal fluorosis bu oria na-egbu mgbu nke nwere ike igbanwe odidi okpukpu n’onodu siri ike. Ọ bụkarị nke a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị n'Eshia ebe mmiri dị n'ime mmiri dị na fluoride dị oke.

Fluoride Ọ Nwere Mmetụta Ọrịa Ndị Ọzọ?

Fluoride anọwo na-ese okwu kemgbe ogologo oge ().

Ọtụtụ weebụsaịtị na-ekwu na ọ bụ nsị nke nwere ike ibute ụdị ahụike niile, gụnyere kansa.

Nke a bụ nsogbu ahụike kachasị emetụta metụtara fluoride yana ihe akaebe dị n’azụ ha.

Ọkpụkpụ Fract

Fọdụ ihe akaebe na-egosi na fluoride nwere ike ime ka ọkpụkpụ belata ma bulie ihe egwu nke mgbaji. Agbanyeghị, nke a na - eme naanị n'okpuru ọnọdụ akọwapụtara ().

Otu nnyocha elere anya na ọkpụkpụ nke ọkpụkpụ na ndị China nwere ọkwa dịgasị iche nke fluoride na-emekarị. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ịgbaji na-abawanye mgbe ndị mmadụ gosipụtara fluoride dị ala ma ọ bụ dị oke elu maka ogologo oge ().

N'aka nke ọzọ, mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ na gburugburu 1 ppm nke fluoride nwere njikọ na mbelata nke mgbawa.

Nnukwu ihe dị oke oke ma dị oke oke nke fluoride site na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ nwere ike ime ka ọnya ọkpụkpụ gbajiri mgbe a na-eri ya ruo ogologo oge. A choro nyocha ozo.

Ọrịa Cancer

Osteosarcoma bụ ụdị ọrịa kansa ọkpụkpụ dị obere. Ọ na-emetụtakarị ọkpụkpụ ndị buru ibu karị n’ahụ́, ọ na-abụkarịkwa ndị na-eto eto, karịchaa ụmụ nwoke (,).

Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ achọpụtawo njikọ dị n'etiti mmiri ọ drinkingụ fluụ fluoridated na ihe egwu osteosarcoma. Imirikiti achọtabeghị njikọ doro anya (,,,,).

Otu nnyocha kwuru na mkpakọrịta dị n'etiti ekpughere fluoride n'oge nwata na ihe egwu dị ukwuu nke kansa ọkpụkpụ n'etiti ụmụ nwoke, mana ọ bụghị ụmụ agbọghọ ().

Maka ihe ize ndụ kansa n'ozuzu ya, ọ nweghị mkpakọrịta achọtara ().

Enweghị ihe akaebe doro anya na-egosi na mmiri fluorid na-eme ka ohere nke ụdị ọrịa kansa ọkpụkpụ a na-akpọ osteosarcoma, ma ọ bụ kansa n'ozuzu ya.

Mmebi Brain na-adịghị mma

Enwere ụfọdụ nchegbu banyere etu fluoride si emetụta ụbụrụ mmadụ na-etolite.

Otu nyocha nyochare ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ 27 nke kachasị na China ().

Childrenmụaka bi ebe fluoride nọ na mmiri buru ibu nwere akara IQ pere mpe, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị bi na ebe nwere ntakịrị ihe.

Otú ọ dị, mmetụta ahụ dị obere, nke ya na isi IQ asaa. Ndị ode akwụkwọ gosikwara na ihe ọmụmụ ndị a tụlere ezughi oke.

Otu nyocha nke ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ọtụtụ si na China chọpụtara na mmiri nwere nnukwu fluoride nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ na akara IQ ụmụaka. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mkpa ịmụtakwu ihe a.

Fluoridation mmiri bụ esemokwu

Gbakwunye fluoride na mmiri ọ drinkingụ publicụ ọha na eze bụ iri afọ iri, arụmụka arụmụka iji belata oghere ().

Mmiri fluoridation bidoro na US na 1940, ihe ruru 70% nke ndị bi na United States na-enweta mmiri ugbu a.

Fluoridation dị ụkọ na Europe. Ọtụtụ mba ekpebiela ịkwụsị ịgbakwunye fluoride na mmiri ọ publicụ publicụ ọha na eze n'ihi nchekwa nchekwa na nrụpụta ọrụ (,).

Ọtụtụ ndị na-enwe obi abụọ banyere ịdị irè nke enyemaka a. Fọdụ na-ekwu na ahụike eze ekwesịghị ịdị na "ọgwụ oke," mana ekwesịrị ịme ya na ọkwa onye ọ bụla (,).

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike na-aga n'ihu na-akwado fluoridation nke mmiri ma na-ekwu na ọ bụ ụzọ dị oke ọnụ iji belata oghere ezé.

Fluoridụ mmiri bụ ihe metụtara ahụike ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu na-abụ isiokwu nke arụmụka. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ òtù ahụ ike na-akwado ya, ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na omume a ekwesịghị ekwesị nakwa na ya na “ị massụ ọgwụ ọtụtụ mmadụ.”

Were Home Ozi

Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ nri ndị ọzọ, fluoride na-adị ka ọ dị mma ma dị irè mgbe ejiri ya ma rie ya.

Ọ nwere ike inye aka gbochie oghere, ma ịmịnye ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu site na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu ahụike.

Agbanyeghị, nke a bụ nsogbu na mba nwere oke mmiri fluoride na mmiri dịka China na India.

A na-ejikwa ego fluoride na-achịkwa mba ndị na-etinye ụma tinye ya na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-ajụ ụkpụrụ omume dị na mgbochi ahụike ọha na eze a, enweghị ike ịme mmiri mmiri na-akpata nsogbu ahụike ọ bụla.